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Related papers: On the Evaluation of Skill in Binary Forecast

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Performativity of predictions refers to the phenomenon where prediction-informed decisions influence the very targets they aim to predict -- a dynamic commonly observed in policy-making, social sciences, and economics. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-28 Xiang Li , Yunai Li , Huiying Zhong , Lihua Lei , Zhun Deng

In this extended abstract, we discuss the opportunity to formally verify that inference systems for probabilistic programming guarantee good performance. In particular, we focus on hybrid inference systems that combine exact and approximate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Eric Atkinson , Ellie Y. Cheng , Guillaume Baudart , Louis Mandel , Michael Carbin

Rapid technological innovation threatens to leave much of the global workforce behind. Today's economy juxtaposes white-hot demand for skilled labor against stagnant employment prospects for workers unprepared to participate in a digital…

This paper considers the problem of evaluating an autonomous system's competency in performing a task, particularly when working in dynamic and uncertain environments. The inherent opacity of machine learning models, from the perspective of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Akash Ratheesh , Ofer Dagan , Nisar R. Ahmed , Jay McMahon

Meaningful scores for forecast verification are essential for developing reliable forecasts, and there has been much effort to develop scores that align well with human perceptions of forecast quality. Whilst many of these scores have…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Bobby Antonio

What do binary (or probabilistic) forecasting abilities have to do with overall performance? We map the difference between (univariate) binary predictions, bets and "beliefs" (expressed as a specific "event" will happen/will not happen) and…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-04-10 Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Machine learning applications often require calibrated predictions, e.g. a 90\% credible interval should contain the true outcome 90\% of the times. However, typical definitions of calibration only require this to hold on average, and offer…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-10 Shengjia Zhao , Tengyu Ma , Stefano Ermon

A new index for high-impact weather forecasting is introduced and assessed in comparison with the well-established extreme forecast index (EFI). Two other ensemble summary statistics are also included in this comparison study: the…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-05 Zied Ben-Bouallegue

A user-focused verification approach for evaluating probability forecasts of binary outcomes (also known as probabilistic classifiers) is demonstrated that is (i) based on proper scoring rules, (ii) focuses on user decision thresholds, and…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-25 Nicholas Loveday , Robert Taggart , Mohammadreza Khanarmuei

Binary classification involves predicting the label of an instance based on whether the model score for the positive class exceeds a threshold chosen based on the application requirements (e.g., maximizing recall for a precision bound).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Gundeep Arora , Srujana Merugu , Anoop Saladi , Rajeev Rastogi

Scientific and technological advances in numerical modelling have improved the quality of climate predictions over recent decades, but predictive skill remains limited in many aspects. Extreme events such as heat and cold waves, droughts,…

Probabilistic forecasts in the form of probability distributions over future events have become popular in several fields including meteorology, hydrology, economics, and demography. In typical applications, many alternative statistical…

Computation · Statistics 2018-07-31 Alexander Jordan , Fabian Krüger , Sebastian Lerch

Assessing the capabilities and risks of frontier AI systems is a critical area of research, and recent work has shown that repeated sampling from models can dramatically increase both. For instance, repeated sampling has been shown to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Joshua Kazdan , Rylan Schaeffer , Youssef Allouah , Colin Sullivan , Kyssen Yu , Noam Levi , Sanmi Koyejo

Selective prediction [Dru13, QV19] models the scenario where a forecaster freely decides on the prediction window that their forecast spans. Many data statistics can be predicted to a non-trivial error rate without any distributional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Licheng Liu , Mingda Qiao

Although the widespread use of AI systems in today's world is growing, many current AI systems are found vulnerable due to hidden bias and missing information, especially in the most commonly used forecasting system. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Zhixuan Chu , Hui Ding , Guang Zeng , Shiyu Wang , Yiming Li

When predicting future events, it is common to issue forecasts that are probabilistic, in the form of probability distributions over the range of possible outcomes. Such forecasts can be evaluated using proper scoring rules. Proper scoring…

Computation · Statistics 2023-05-15 Sam Allen

Sharpe ratio (sometimes also referred to as information ratio) is widely used in asset management to compare and benchmark funds and asset managers. It computes the ratio of the (excess) net return over the strategy standard deviation.…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-05-22 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Beatrice Guez , Nicolas Paris

A scoring rule is a function of a probabilistic forecast and a corresponding outcome that is used to evaluate forecast performance. A wide range of scoring rules have been defined over time and there is some debate as to which are the most…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-27 Edward Wheatcroft

In order to identify expertise, forecasters should not be tested by their calibration score, which can always be made arbitrarily small, but rather by their Brier score. The Brier score is the sum of the calibration score and the refinement…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-20 Dean P. Foster , Sergiu Hart

What does it mean to say that, for example, the probability for rain tomorrow is between 20% and 30%? The theory for the evaluation of precise probabilistic forecasts is well-developed and is grounded in the key concepts of proper scoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Christian Fröhlich , Robert C. Williamson