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A simple topological graph T = (V(T), E(T)) is a drawing of a graph in the plane where every two edges have at most one common point (an endpoint or a crossing) and no three edges pass through a single crossing. Topological graphs G and H…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Jan Kynčl

We define $G$-cospectrality of two $G$-gain graphs $(\Gamma,\psi)$ and $(\Gamma',\psi')$, proving that it is a switching isomorphism invariant. When $G$ is a finite group, we prove that $G$-cospectrality is equivalent to cospectrality with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Matteo Cavaleri , Alfredo Donno

A graph is said to be symmetric if its automorphism group is transitive on its arcs. Guo et al. (Electronic J. Combin. 18, \#P233, 2011) and Pan et al. (Electronic J. Combin. 20, \#P36, 2013) determined all pentavalent symmetric graphs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-21 Bo Ling , Ben Gong Lou , Ci Xuan Wu

Let $\mathbf{G}=\{G_1,\dots,G_{s}\}$ be a collection of $s$ bipartite graphs with the same bipartition $V=(X,Y)$. For a path $P$ with $V(P)=V$ and $|E(P)|=s$, if there exists an injection $\phi$: $E(P)\rightarrow [s]$ such that $e\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Menghan Ma , Lihua You , Xiaoxue Zhang

We prove that if $G$ and $H$ are primitive strongly regular graphs with the same parameters and $\varphi$ is a homomorphism from $G$ to $H$, then $\varphi$ is either an isomorphism or a coloring (homomorphism to a complete subgraph).…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-18 David E. Roberson

We use category-theoretic techniques to provide two proofs showing that for a higher-rank graph $\Lambda$, its cubical (co-)homology and categorical (co-)homology groups are isomorphic in all degrees, thus answering a question of Kumjian,…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Elizabeth Gillaspy , Jianchao Wu

We look at the question of which distance-regular graphs are core-complete, meaning they are isomorphic to their own core or have a complete core. We build on Roberson's homomorphism matrix approach by which method he proved the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-04 Annemarie Geertsema , Chris Godsil , Krystal Guo

Subgraph Isomorphism is a very basic graph problem, where given two graphs $G$ and $H$ one is to check whether $G$ is a subgraph of $H$. Despite its simple definition, the Subgraph Isomorphism problem turns out to be very broad, as it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Marek Cygan , Jakub Pachocki , Arkadiusz Socała

In geometric analysis, an index theorem relates the difference of the numbers of solutions of two differential equations to the topological structure of the manifold or bundle concerned, sometimes using the heat kernels of two higher-order…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-13 S. A. Fulling , P. Kuchment , J. H. Wilson

We construct quantum models of two particles on a compact metric graph with singular two-particle interactions. The Hamiltonians are self-adjoint realisations of Laplacians acting on functions defined on pairs of edges in such a way that…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jens Bolte , Joachim Kerner

A concept of germ graphs and the M-function formalism are employed to construct large families of isospectral and isoscattering graphs. This approach represents a complete departure from the original approach pioneered by Sunada, where…

We generalize the structure theorem of Robertson and Seymour for graphs excluding a fixed graph $H$ as a minor to graphs excluding $H$ as a topological subgraph. We prove that for a fixed $H$, every graph excluding $H$ as a topological…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Martin Grohe , Dániel Marx

We develop a full characterization of abelian quantum statistics on graphs. We explain how the number of anyon phases is related to connectivity. For 2-connected graphs the independence of quantum statistics with respect to the number of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-01-19 Jonathan M. Harrison , Jonathan P. Keating , Jonathan M. Robbins , Adam Sawicki

We consider constrained variants of graph homomorphisms such as embeddings, monomorphisms, full homomorphisms, surjective homomorpshims, and locally constrained homomorphisms. We also introduce a new variation on this theme which derives…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-23 Yangjing Long

Building on work of Farb and the second author, we prove that the group of automorphisms of the fine curve graph for a surface is isomorphic to the group of homeomorphisms of the surface. This theorem is analogous to the seminal result of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-08-12 Adele Long , Dan Margalit , Anna Pham , Yvon Verberne , Claudia Yao

Two emerging topics in graph theory are the study of cospectral vertices of a graph, and the study of isospectral reductions of graphs. In this paper, we prove a fundamental relationship between these two areas, which is that two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Mark Kempton , John Sinkovic , Dallas Smith , Benjamin Webb

A classical result due to Lovasz (1967) shows that the isomorphism type of a graph is determined by homomorphism counts. That is, graphs G and H are isomorphic whenever the number of homomorphisms from K to G is the same as the number of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-12 Luca Reggio

A \emph{self-complementary} graph is a graph isomorphic to its complement. An isomorphism between $G$ and its complement, viewed as a permutation of $V(G)$, is then called an \emph{antimorphism}. A \emph{skew partition} of $G$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-29 Nicolas Trotignon

Quantum graphs are an operator space generalization of classical graphs that have emerged in different branches of mathematics including operator theory, non-commutative topology and quantum information theory. In this paper, we obtain…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2021-12-06 Priyanga Ganesan

It is unknown whether two graphs can be tested for isomorphism in polynomial time. A classical approach to the Graph Isomorphism Problem is the d-dimensional Weisfeiler-Lehman algorithm. The d-dimensional WL-algorithm can distinguish many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-12-10 Harm Derksen