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Three extensions and reinterpretations of nonclassical probabilities are reviewed. (i) We propose to generalize the probability axiom of quantum mechanics to self-adjoint positive operators of trace one. Furthermore, we discuss the…
The principle of the common cause claims that if an improbable coincidence has occurred, there must exist a common cause. This is generally taken to mean that positive correlations between non-causally related events should disappear when…
In the absence of a fundamental theory that precisely predicts values for observable parameters, anthropic reasoning attempts to constrain probability distributions over those parameters in order to facilitate the extraction of testable…
In this paper we describe the implementation that led to the counterexamples to the Nash blowup conjectures recently discovered by the authors. We also provide new examples of toric varieties with prescribed singularities that are not…
In the present paper a counter-example to Bell's theorem is given which is based on common probability densities as standard normal (Gaussian) and uniform probability densities. The reason for violating the Bell inequalities lies in the…
A generalization of Young's inequality for convolution with sharp constant is conjectured for scenarios where more than two functions are being convolved, and it is proven for certain parameter ranges. The conjecture would provide a unified…
We prove the $C^{\alpha}$ regularity for weak solutions to a class of ultraparabolic equation, with measurable coefficients. The results generalized our recent $C^{\alpha}$ regularity results of Prandtl's system to high dimensional cases.
The well-known Leibniz theorem (Leibniz Criterion or alternating series test) of convergence of alternating series is generalized for the case when the absolute value of terms of series are "not absolutely monotonously" convergent to zero.…
We give a counterexample to a recently conjectured variant of the Penrose inequality.
The main theorem of the paper provides a way to produce examples such that the movable cone of an ample divisor does not coincide with the movable cone of its ambient variety.
We consider a nonlinear partial differential equation for complex-valued functions which is related to the two-dimensional stationary Schrodinger equation and enjoys many properties similar to those of the ordinary differential Riccati…
Basing on the analogy between the coherent states of light and separable states of $N$ bosons, we demonstrate that the violation Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for any-order correlation function signals the entanglement among the constituent…
We construct counterexamples to inverse problems for the wave operator on domains in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$, $n \ge 2$, and on Lorentzian manifolds. We show that non-isometric Lorentzian metrics can lead to same partial data measurements, which…
We consider certain q-series depending on parameters (A,B,C), where A is a positive definite r times r matrix, B is an r-vector and C is a scalar, and ask when these q-series are modular forms. Werner Nahm conjectured a criterion for which…
The likelihood principle makes strong claims about the nature of statistical evidence but is controversial. Its claims are undermined by the existence of several examples that are assumed to show that it allows, with unity probability,…
We provide counterexamples showing that uniform laws of large numbers do not hold for subdifferentials under natural assumptions. Our constructions are univariate random Lipschitz functions and bivariate random convex functions with two…
The violation of Bell, CHSH and CH inequalities indicates only that the assumption of "conterfactual definiteness" and/or the probabilistic models used in proofs were incorrect. In this paper we discuss in detail an intimate relation…
In the spirit of Glauberman's fundamental work in B-loops and Moufang loops, we prove Cauchy and strong Lagrange theorems for Bol loops of odd order. We also establish necessary conditions for the existence of a simple Bol loop of odd…
In this work, we derive some novel properties of the bimodal normal distribution. Some of its mathematical properties are examined. We provide a formal proof for the bimodality and assess identifiability. We then discuss the maximum…
Evidence for fine-tuning of physical parameters suitable for life can perhaps be explained by almost any combination of providence, coincidence or multiverse. A multiverse usually includes parts unobservable to us, but if the theory for it…