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Purpose of Review Planning collision-free paths for multiple robots is important for real-world multi-robot systems and has been studied as an optimization problem on graphs, called Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF). This review surveys…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Hang Ma

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) holds significant utility within autonomous systems, however, the calculation and memory space required for multi-agent path finding (MAPF) grows exponentially as the number of agents increases. This often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zhuo Yao , Wei Wang

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) requires collision-free trajectories for multiple agents on a shared graph, often with the objective of minimizing the sum-of-costs (SOC). Many optimal and bounded-suboptimal solvers rely on time-expanded…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fernando Salanova , Eduardo Montijano , Cristian Mahulea

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a long-standing problem in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in which one needs to find a set of collision-free paths for a group of mobile agents (robots) operating in the shared workspace. Due to its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Zain Alabedeen Ali , Konstantin Yakovlev

In multi-agent path finding (MAPF) the task is to navigate agents from their starting positions to given individual goals. The problem takes place in an undirected graph whose vertices represent positions and edges define the topology.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Pavel Surynek , T. K. Satish Kumar , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is an NP-hard problem well studied in artificial intelligence and robotics. It has many real-world applications for which existing MAPF solvers use various heuristics. However, these solvers are deterministic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Liron Cohen , Glenn Wagner , T. K. Satish Kumar , Howie Choset , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a problem of finding a sequence of movements for agents to reach their assigned location without collision. Centralized algorithms usually give optimal solutions, but have difficulties to scale without…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Poom Pianpak , Tran Cao Son

Avoiding collisions is the core problem in multi-agent navigation. In decentralized settings, when agents have limited communication and sensory capabilities, collisions are typically avoided in a reactive fashion, relying on local…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Stepan Dergachev , Konstantin Yakovlev

This paper connects multi-agent path planning on graphs (roadmaps) to network flow problems, showing that the former can be reduced to the latter, therefore enabling the application of combinatorial network flow algorithms, as well as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Jingjin Yu , Steven M. LaValle

We consider a Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) setting where agents have been assigned a plan, but during its execution some agents are delayed. Instead of replanning from scratch when such a delay occurs, we propose delay introduction,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Justin Kottinger , Tzvika Geft , Shaull Almagor , Oren Salzman , Morteza Lahijanian

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is the problem of moving agents to the goal vertex without collision. In the online MAPF problem, new agents may be added to the environment at any time, and the current agents have no information about…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Mingkai Tang , Boyi Liu , Yuanhang Li , Hongji Liu , Ming Liu , Lujia Wang

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) remains a critical problem in robotics and autonomous systems, where agents must navigate shared spaces efficiently while avoiding conflicts. Traditional centralized algorithms with global information provide…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bharath Muppasani , Ritirupa Dey , Biplav Srivastava , Vignesh Narayanan

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence and robotics, requiring the computation of collision-free paths for multiple agents navigating from their start locations to designated goals. As autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shiyue Wang , Haozheng Xu , Yuhan Zhang , Jingran Lin , Changhong Lu , Xiangfeng Wang , Wenhao Li

Multi-agent path planning (MAPP) is the problem of planning collision-free trajectories from start to goal locations for a team of agents. This work explores a relatively unexplored setting of MAPP where streams of agents have to go through…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Kazumi Kasaura , Ryo Yonetani , Mai Nishimura

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) attracts considerable attention in artificial intelligence community as well as in robotics, and other fields such as warehouse logistics. The task in the standard MAPF is to find paths through which agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Pavel Surynek

In this paper, we plan missions for a fleet of agents in undirected graphs, such as grids, with multiple goals. In contrast to regular multi-agent path-finding, the solver finds and updates the assignment of goals to the agents on its own.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Stefan Edelkamp

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding a set of collision-free paths for multiple agents in a shared environment while minimizing the sum of travel time. Since solving the MAPF problem optimally is NP-hard, anytime…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shao-Hung Chan , Zhe Chen , Dian-Lun Lin , Yue Zhang , Daniel Harabor , Tsung-Wei Huang , Sven Koenig , Thomy Phan

The Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem involves planning collision-free paths for multiple agents in a shared environment. The majority of MAPF solvers rely on the assumption that an agent can arrive at a specific location at a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yifan Su , Rishi Veerapaneni , Jiaoyang Li

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is NP-hard to solve optimally, even on graphs, suggesting no polynomial-time algorithms can compute exact optimal solutions for them. This raises a natural question: How optimal can polynomial-time algorithms…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Teng Guo , Jingjin Yu

Multi-Agent Motion Planning (MAMP) is the problem of computing feasible paths for a set of agents given individual start and goal states. Given the hardness of MAMP, most of the research related to multi-agent systems has focused on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Irving Solis , Read Sandström , James Motes , Nancy M. Amato