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In supervised machine learning, models are typically trained using data with hard labels, i.e., definite assignments of class membership. This traditional approach, however, does not take the inherent uncertainty in these labels into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Sjoerd de Vries , Dirk Thierens

We provide a unifying view of statistical information measures, multi-way Bayesian hypothesis testing, loss functions for multi-class classification problems, and multi-distribution $f$-divergences, elaborating equivalence results between…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-12 John C. Duchi , Khashayar Khosravi , Feng Ruan

Multilabel Classification (MLC) deals with the simultaneous classification of multiple binary labels. The task is challenging because, not only may there be arbitrarily different and complex relationships between predictor variables and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-15 Jiahao Tian , Hugh Chipman , Thomas Loughin

Classifier chain (CC) is a multi-label learning approach that constructs a sequence of binary classifiers according to a label order. Each classifier in the sequence is responsible for predicting the relevance of one label. When training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Ran Wang , Suhe Ye , Ke Li , Sam Kwong

This paper presents a conformal prediction method for classification in highly imbalanced and open-set settings, where there are many possible classes and not all may be represented in the data. Existing approaches require a finite, known…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Tianmin Xie , Yanfei Zhou , Ziyi Liang , Stefano Favaro , Matteo Sesia

We propose a learning algorithm capable of learning from label proportions instead of direct data labels. In this scenario, our data are arranged into various bags of a certain size, and only the proportions of each label within a given bag…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Neil Zeghidour , Marco Cuturi , Lucas Beyer , Jean-Philippe Vert

Sequence labeling is a core task in text understanding for IE/IR systems. Text generation models have increasingly become the go-to solution for such tasks (e.g., entity extraction and dialog slot filling). While most research has focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Kazuma Hashimoto , Iftekhar Naim , Karthik Raman

By utilizing label distribution learning, a probability distribution is assigned for a facial image to express a compound emotion, which effectively improves the problem of label uncertainties and noises occurred in one-hot labels. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Shasha Mao , Guanghui Shi , Licheng Jiao , Shuiping Gou , Yangyang Li , Lin Xiong , Boxin Shi

In this paper, we propose a multi-label classification framework to detect multiple speaking styles in a speech sample. Unlike previous studies that have primarily focused on identifying a single target style, our framework effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Miseul Kim , Seyun Um , Hyeonjin Cha , Hong-goo Kang

It remains difficult to evaluate machine learning classifiers in the absence of a large, labeled dataset. While labeled data can be prohibitively expensive or impossible to obtain, unlabeled data is plentiful. Here, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Divya Shanmugam , Shuvom Sadhuka , Manish Raghavan , John Guttag , Bonnie Berger , Emma Pierson

Introduced as a notion of algorithmic fairness, multicalibration has proved to be a powerful and versatile concept with implications far beyond its original intent. This stringent notion -- that predictions be well-calibrated across a rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Parikshit Gopalan , Michael P. Kim , Mihir Singhal , Shengjia Zhao

We present new methods for multilabel classification, relying on ensemble learning on a collection of random output graphs imposed on the multilabel and a kernel-based structured output learner as the base classifier. For ensemble learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-19 Hongyu Su , Juho Rousu

In a broad range of classification and decision making problems, one is given the advice or predictions of several classifiers, of unknown reliability, over multiple questions or queries. This scenario is different from the standard…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-07 Fabio Parisi , Francesco Strino , Boaz Nadler , Yuval Kluger

Partial Multi-label Learning (PML) is a type of weakly supervised learning where each training instance corresponds to a set of candidate labels, among which only some are true. In this paper, we introduce \our{}, a novel probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Łukasz Struski , Adam Pardyl , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

Class labels used for machine learning are relatable to each other, with certain class labels being more similar to each other than others (e.g. images of cats and dogs are more similar to each other than those of cats and cars). Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Gautam Rajendrakumar Gare , John Michael Galeotti

Multilabel classification is an emergent data mining task with a broad range of real world applications. Learning from imbalanced multilabel data is being deeply studied latterly, and several resampling methods have been proposed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Francisco Charte , Antonio J. Rivera , María J. del Jesus , Francisco Herrera

Similarity-based method gives rise to a new class of methods for multi-label learning and also achieves promising performance. In this paper, we generalize this method, resulting in a new framework for classification task. Specifically, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Zhongchen Ma , Songcan Chen

Overconfidence is a common issue for deep neural networks, limiting their deployment in real-world applications. To better estimate confidence, existing methods mostly focus on fully-supervised scenarios and rely on training labels. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Chen Li , Xiaoling Hu , Chao Chen

In this paper, we consider the problem of making skeptical inferences for the multi-label ranking problem. We assume that our uncertainty is described by a convex set of probabilities (i.e. a credal set), defined over the set of labels.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Yonatan Carlos Carranza Alarcón , Vu-Linh Nguyen

Extreme multi-label classification refers to supervised multi-label learning involving hundreds of thousands or even millions of labels. Datasets in extreme classification exhibit fit to power-law distribution, i.e. a large fraction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-09 Rohit Babbar , Bernhard Shoelkopf