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Pseudorandom unitaries (PRUs), one of the key quantum pseudorandom notions, are efficiently computable unitaries that are computationally indistinguishable from Haar random unitaries. While there is evidence to believe that PRUs are weaker…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Prabhanjan Ananth , Aditya Gulati , Yao-Ting Lin

One-way state generators (OWSG) are natural quantum analogs to classical one-way functions. We consider statistically-verifiable OWSGs (sv-OWSG), which are potentially weaker objects than OWSGs. We show that O(n/log(n))-copy sv-OWSGs (n…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Rishabh Batra , Rahul Jain

Recent developments make the possibility of achieving scalable quantum networks and quantum devices closer. From the computational point of view these emerging technologies become relevant when they are no longer classically simulatable.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-09 Elham Kashefi , Petros Wallden

We present a classically solvable model that leads to optimized low-depth quantum circuits leveraging separable pair approximations. The obtained circuits are well suited as a baseline circuit for emerging quantum hardware and can, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-07 Jakob S. Kottmann , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

The question of whether a fully classical client can delegate a quantum computation to an untrusted quantum server while fully maintaining privacy (blindness) is one of the big open questions in quantum cryptography. Both yes and no answers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-07 Vedran Dunjko , Elham Kashefi

One-time programs (Goldwasser, Kalai and Rothblum, CRYPTO 2008) are functions that can be run on any single input of a user's choice, but not on a second input. Classically, they are unachievable without trusted hardware, but the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Aparna Gupte , Jiahui Liu , Justin Raizes , Bhaskar Roberts , Vinod Vaikuntanathan

It is well-known that digital signatures can be constructed from one-way functions in a black-box way. While one-way functions are essentially the minimal assumption in classical cryptography, this is not the case in the quantum setting. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Andrea Coladangelo , Saachi Mutreja

Theoretical computer science has found fertile ground in many areas of mathematics. The approach has been to consider classical problems through the prism of computational complexity, where the number of basic computational steps taken to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Shafi Goldwasser

How can two parties with competing interests carry out a fair coin flip, using only a noiseless quantum channel? This problem (quantum weak coin-flipping) was formalized more than 15 years ago, and, despite some phenomenal theoretical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Carl A. Miller

An interesting challenge for the cryptography community is to design authentication protocols that are so simple that a human can execute them without relying on a fully trusted computer. We propose several candidate authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-13 Jeremiah Blocki , Manuel Blum , Anupam Datta , Santosh Vempala

The powerful no-cloning principle of quantum mechanics can be leveraged to achieve interesting primitives, referred to as unclonable primitives, that are impossible to achieve classically. In the past few years, we have witnessed a surge of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Prabhanjan Ananth , Fatih Kaleoglu , Qipeng Liu

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables Information-Theoretically Secure (ITS) key exchange, robust even against future quantum computing threats. However, a fundamental limitation of QKD is the requirement for an authenticated classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Nicolas Laurent-Puig , Mina Doosti , Adriano Innocenzi , Eleni Diamanti

This thesis initiates the study of cryptographic protocols in the bounded-quantum-storage model. On the practical side, simple protocols for Rabin Oblivious Transfer, 1-2 Oblivious Transfer and Bit Commitment are presented. No quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-04 Christian Schaffner

We propose an efficient scheme for verifying quantum computations in the `high complexity' regime i.e. beyond the remit of classical computers. Previously proposed schemes remarkably provide confidence against arbitrarily malicious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Richard Jozsa , Sergii Strelchuk

The existence of entangled quantum states gives extra power to quantum computers over their classical counterparts. Quantum entanglement shows up qualitatively at the level of two qubits. We show that if no entanglement is envolved then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Arvind

Given a prime power $q$ and an integer $n\geq2$, we establish a sufficient condition for the existence of a primitive pair $(\alpha,f(\alpha))$ where $\alpha \in \mathbb{F}_q$ and $f(x) \in \mathbb{F}_q(x)$ is a rational function of degree…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-01 Stephen D. Cohen , Hariom Sharma , Rajendra Sharma

Recent works of Roughgarden (EC'21) and Chung and Shi (SODA'23) initiate the study of a new decentralized mechanism design problem called transaction fee mechanism design (TFM). Unlike the classical mechanism design literature, in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Elaine Shi , Hao Chung , Ke Wu

The superpositional wave function oscillations for finite-time implementation of quantum algorithms modifies the desired interference required for quantum computing. We propose a scheme with trapped ultracold ion-pairs being qubits to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Feng Mang , Zhu Xiwen , Gao Kelin , Shi Lei

We introduce Quantum Functional Information (QFI), a new metric to quantify the rarity and utility of quantum states and circuits. Unlike standard measures such as fidelity or entropy, QFI captures the balance between functionality and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Rodrigo Pasti , Jonas Krause

Unknown unitary inversion is a fundamental primitive in quantum computing and physics. Although recent work has demonstrated that quantum algorithms can invert arbitrary unknown unitaries without accessing their classical descriptions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Yin Mo , Tengxiang Lin , Xin Wang