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In automatic speech recognition (ASR) rescoring, the hypothesis with the fewest errors should be selected from the n-best list using a language model (LM). However, LMs are usually trained to maximize the likelihood of correct word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Hayato Futami , Hirofumi Inaguma , Masato Mimura , Shinsuke Sakai , Tatsuya Kawahara

Multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have shown great promise in recent years because of the simplified model training and deployment process. Conventional methods either train a universal multilingual model without taking…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-14 Long Zhou , Jinyu Li , Eric Sun , Shujie Liu

The acoustic-to-word model based on the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) criterion was shown as a natural end-to-end (E2E) model directly targeting words as output units. However, the word-based CTC model suffers from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Jinyu Li , Guoli Ye , Amit Das , Rui Zhao , Yifan Gong

End-to-end automatic speech recognition directly maps input speech to characters. However, the mapping can be problematic when several different pronunciations should be mapped into one character or when one pronunciation is shared among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Yusuke Fujita , Tatsuya Komatsu , Yusuke Kida

In this study, we investigate the integration of a large language model (LLM) with an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, specifically focusing on enhancing rare word recognition performance. Using a 190,000-hour dataset primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Haoxuan Wang

This paper proposes an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model for hate speech using large language models (LLMs). The proposed method integrates the encoder of the ASR model with the decoder of the LLMs, enabling simultaneous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Ryutaro Oshima , Yuya Hosoda , Youji Iiguni

ASR error correction is an interesting option for post processing speech recognition system outputs. These error correction models are usually trained in a supervised fashion using the decoding results of a target ASR system. This approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Rao Ma , Mengjie Qian , Potsawee Manakul , Mark Gales , Kate Knill

In sequence-to-sequence Transformer ASR, autoregressive (AR) models achieve strong accuracy but suffer from slow decoding, while non-autoregressive (NAR) models enable parallel decoding at the cost of degraded performance. We propose a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Hao Yen , Pin-Jui Ku , Ante Jukić , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have been gaining popularity in the recent years for their widespread usage in smart phones and speakers. Building ASR systems for task-specific scenarios is subject to the availability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Saurav Jha

Consistency regularization (CR) improves the robustness and accuracy of Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) by ensuring predictions remain stable across input perturbations. In this work, we propose Align-Consistency, an extension…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Wanting Huang , Weiran Wang

Neural contextual biasing effectively improves automatic speech recognition (ASR) for crucial phrases within a speaker's context, particularly those that are infrequent in the training data. This work proposes contextual text injection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Zhong Meng , Zelin Wu , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Cal Peyser , Weiran Wang , Nanxin Chen , Tara N. Sainath , Bhuvana Ramabhadran

This paper investigates discrete and continuous speech representations in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), organizing them by feature continuity and training approach into four categories: supervised and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yaoxun Xu , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Zhiyong Wu , Dong Yu

A simplified speech recognition system that uses the maximum mutual information (MMI) criterion is considered. End-to-end training using gradient descent is suggested, similarly to the training of connectionist temporal classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Lior Fritz , David Burshtein

Contrastive learning (CL) has become a ubiquitous approach for several natural language processing (NLP) downstream tasks, especially for question answering (QA). However, the major challenge, how to efficiently train the knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Wenshen Xu , Mieradilijiang Maimaiti , Yuanhang Zheng , Xin Tang , Ji Zhang

General-purpose automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems do not always perform well in goal-oriented dialogue. Existing ASR correction methods rely on prior user data or named entities. We extend correction to tasks that have no prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Yuya Asano , Sabit Hassan , Paras Sharma , Anthony Sicilia , Katherine Atwell , Diane Litman , Malihe Alikhani

Recent works have shown promising results in connecting speech encoders to large language models (LLMs) for speech recognition. However, several limitations persist, including limited fine-tuning options, a lack of mechanisms to enforce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Van Tung Pham , Yist Lin , Tao Han , Wei Li , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang

Automatic Cued Speech Recognition (ACSR) provides an intelligent human-machine interface for visual communications, where the Cued Speech (CS) system utilizes lip movements and hand gestures to code spoken language for hearing-impaired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Lei Liu , Li Liu

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction has become increasingly indispensable for various Internet applications. Traditional CTR models convert the multi-field categorical data into ID features via one-hot encoding, and extract the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jianghao Lin , Bo Chen , Hangyu Wang , Yunjia Xi , Yanru Qu , Xinyi Dai , Kangning Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Adapting Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models to new domains results in a deterioration of performance on the original domain(s), a phenomenon called Catastrophic Forgetting (CF). Even monolingual ASR models cannot be extended to new…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Steven Vander Eeckt , Hugo Van hamme

Non-autoregressive approaches aim to improve the inference speed of translation models, particularly those that generate output in a one-pass forward manner. However, these approaches often suffer from a significant drop in translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shen-sian Syu , Juncheng Xie , Hung-yi Lee