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Rapid discovery of new reactions and molecules in recent years has been facilitated by the advancements in high throughput screening, accessibility to a much more complex chemical design space, and the development of accurate molecular…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-28 Vipul Mann , Venkat Venkatasubramanian

Graph neural networks (GNNs) demonstrate great performance in compound property and activity prediction due to their capability to efficiently learn complex molecular graph structures. However, two main limitations persist including…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-10 Apakorn Kengkanna , Masahito Ohue

We present two quantitative behavioral equivalences over species of a chemical reaction network (CRN) with semantics based on ordinary differential equations. Forward CRN bisimulation identifies a partition where each equivalence class…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-16 Luca Cardelli , Mirco Tribastone , Max Tschaikowski , Andrea Vandin

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are foundational models for describing complex biochemical processes. We study noncompetitive CRNs, a class of networks whose static states are rate-independent, and that can implement ReLU neural networks.…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-22 Louis Faul , Xavier Richard , Mary Betrisey , Christian Mazza

Molecular computation based on chemical reaction networks (CRNs) has emerged as a promising paradigm for designing programmable biochemical systems. However, the implementation of complex computations still requires excessively large and…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-17 Renlei Jiang , Yuzhen Fan , Di Fan , Chuanhou Gao , Denis Dochain

Artificial neural networks (NNs) can be implemented using chemical reaction networks (CRNs), where the concentrations of species act as inputs and outputs. In such biochemical computing, noise-robust computing is crucial due to the…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-17 Sunghwa Kang , Jinsu Kim

Information processing relying on biochemical interactions in the cellular environment is essential for biological organisms. The implementation of molecular computational systems holds significant interest and potential in the fields of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Yuzhen Fan , Xiaoyu Zhang , Chuanhou Gao , Denis Dochain

Retrosynthetic planning, which aims to find a reaction pathway to synthesize a target molecule, plays an important role in chemistry and drug discovery. This task is usually modeled as a search problem. Recently, data-driven methods have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Shufang Xie , Rui Yan , Peng Han , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang , Tao Qin

The popularity of molecular computation has given rise to several models of abstraction, one of the more recent ones being Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs). These are equivalent to other popular computational models, such as Vector…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Robert M. Alaniz , Bin Fu , Timothy Gomez , Elise Grizzell , Andrew Rodriguez , Marco Rodriguez , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

Reaction mechanism search tools have demonstrated the ability to provide insights into likely products and rate-limiting steps of reacting systems. However, reactions involving several concerted bond changes - as can be found in many key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nicholas Casetti , Dylan Anstine , Olexandr Isayev , Connor W. Coley

Background: Automatic extraction of chemical-disease relations (CDR) from unstructured text is of essential importance for disease treatment and drug development. Meanwhile, biomedical experts have built many highly-structured knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Huiwei Zhou , Chengkun Lang , Zhuang Liu , Shixian Ning , Yingyu Lin , Lei Du

Retrosynthesis prediction is a fundamental problem in organic synthesis, where the task is to identify precursor molecules that can be used to synthesize a target molecule. A key consideration in building neural models for this task is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Vignesh Ram Somnath , Charlotte Bunne , Connor W. Coley , Andreas Krause , Regina Barzilay

Dynamical systems in biology are complex, and one often does not have comprehensive knowledge about the interactions involved. Chemical reaction network (CRN) inference aims to identify, from observing species concentrations over time, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-15 Yong See Foo , Adriana Zanca , Jennifer A. Flegg , Ivo Siekmann

We derive the nonequilibrium conductance matrix for open stationary Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) described by a deterministic mass action kinetic equation. As an illustration, we determine the nonequilibrium conductance matrix of a CRN…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-27 Paul Raux , Christophe Goupil , Gatien Verley

Predicting stochastic cellular dynamics as emerging from the mechanistic models of molecular interactions is a long-standing challenge in systems biology: low-level chemical reaction network (CRN) models give raise to a highly-dimensional…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-06 Tatjana Petrov , Denis Repin

Many important phenomena in biochemistry and biology exploit dynamical features such as multi-stability, oscillations, and chaos. Construction of novel chemical systems with such rich dynamics is a challenging problem central to the fields…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-04 Alexander Dack , Benjamin Qureshi , Thomas E. Ouldridge , Tomislav Plesa

One of the puzzles left open by energetic analyses of irreversible stochastic processes is that boundary conditions that prevent the performance of work or the dissipation of heat make no contribution to an entropy-production budget; yet we…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-30 Praful Gagrani , Nino Lauber , Eric Smith , Christoph Flamm

Estimating rate coefficients from complex chemical reactions is essential for advancing detailed chemistry. However, the stiffness inherent in real-world atmospheric chemistry systems poses severe challenges, leading to training instability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Wenqing Peng , Zhi-Song Liu , Michael Boy

Autocatalysis is an important feature of metabolic networks, contributing crucially to the self-maintenance of organisms. Autocatalytic subsystems of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are characterized in terms of algebraic conditions on…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-06 Richard Golnik , Thomas Gatter , Peter F. Stadler , Nicola Vassena

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) formally model chemistry in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are widely used to describe information processing occurring in natural cellular regulatory networks, and with upcoming advances in synthetic biology,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Ho-Lin Chen , David Doty , David Soloveichik
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