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Recent research in offline reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated that return-conditioned supervised learning is a powerful paradigm for decision-making problems. While promising, return conditioning is limited to training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zhihui Xie , Zichuan Lin , Deheng Ye , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang , Shuai Li

Decision Transformer (DT) formulates offline reinforcement learning as autoregressive sequence modeling, achieving promising results by predicting actions from a sequence of Return-to-Go (RTG), state, and action tokens. However, RTG is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yongyi Wang , Hanyu Liu , Lingfeng Li , Bozhou Chen , Ang Li , Qirui Zheng , Xionghui Yang , Chucai Wang , Wenxin Li

Interacting with the actual environment to acquire data is often costly and time-consuming in robotic tasks. Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a feasible solution. On the one hand, it eliminates the requirements of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Pengqin Wang , Meixin Zhu , Shaojie Shen

This paper introduces Elastic Decision Transformer (EDT), a significant advancement over the existing Decision Transformer (DT) and its variants. Although DT purports to generate an optimal trajectory, empirical evidence suggests it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Yueh-Hua Wu , Xiaolong Wang , Masashi Hamaya

Decision Transformers (DTs) have emerged as a powerful framework for sequential decision making by formulating offline reinforcement learning (RL) as a sequence modeling problem. However, extending DTs to online settings with pure RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Junkai Luo , Yinglun Zhu

We study offline off-dynamics reinforcement learning (RL) to utilize data from an easily accessible source domain to enhance policy learning in a target domain with limited data. Our approach centers on return-conditioned supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ruhan Wang , Yu Yang , Zhishuai Liu , Dongruo Zhou , Pan Xu

The ability to adapt to changes in environmental contingencies is an important challenge in reinforcement learning. Indeed, transferring previously acquired knowledge to environments with unseen structural properties can greatly enhance the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Ayman Boustati , Hana Chockler , Daniel C. McNamee

Continuous offline reinforcement learning (CORL) combines continuous and offline reinforcement learning, enabling agents to learn multiple tasks from static datasets without forgetting prior tasks. However, CORL faces challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Kaixin Huang , Li Shen , Chen Zhao , Chun Yuan , Dacheng Tao

Decision Transformer (DT), which integrates reinforcement learning (RL) with the transformer model, introduces a novel approach to offline RL. Unlike classical algorithms that take maximizing cumulative discounted rewards as objective, DT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Rui Lin , Yiwen Zhang , Zhicheng Peng , Minghao Lyu

As the next generation of mobile systems evolves, artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to deeply integrate with wireless communications for resource management in variable environments. In particular, deep reinforcement learning (DRL)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-15 Jie Zhang , Jun Li , Long Shi , Zhe Wang , Shi Jin , Wen Chen , H. Vincent Poor

Notifications are an important communication channel for delivering timely and relevant information. Optimizing their delivery involves addressing complex sequential decision-making challenges under constraints such as message utility and…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is a challenging task, whose objective is to learn policies from static trajectory data without interacting with the environment. Recently, offline RL has been viewed as a sequence modeling problem, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Decision Transformer (DT) can learn effective policy from offline datasets by converting the offline reinforcement learning (RL) into a supervised sequence modeling task, where the trajectory elements are generated auto-regressively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhihong Liu , Long Qian , Zeyang Liu , Lipeng Wan , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan

Inspired by the success of the Transformer architecture in natural language processing and computer vision, we investigate the use of Transformers in Reinforcement Learning (RL), specifically in modeling the environment's dynamics using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Mostafa Kotb , Cornelius Weber , Muhammad Burhan Hafez , Stefan Wermter

Transformer models have achieved remarkable empirical successes, largely due to their in-context learning capabilities. Inspired by this, we explore training an autoregressive transformer for in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL). In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juncheng Dong , Moyang Guo , Ethan X. Fang , Zhuoran Yang , Vahid Tarokh

In the realm of online advertising, advertisers partake in ad auctions to obtain advertising slots, frequently taking advantage of auto-bidding tools provided by demand-side platforms. To improve the automation of these bidding systems, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Hao Jiang , Yongxiang Tang , Yanxiang Zeng , Pengjia Yuan , Yanhua Cheng , Teng Sha , Xialong Liu , Peng Jiang

Large transformer models trained on diverse datasets have shown a remarkable ability to learn in-context, achieving high few-shot performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained to solve. In this paper, we study the in-context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jonathan N. Lee , Annie Xie , Aldo Pacchiano , Yash Chandak , Chelsea Finn , Ofir Nachum , Emma Brunskill

Recently, supervised learning (SL) methodology has emerged as an effective approach for offline reinforcement learning (RL) due to their simplicity, stability, and efficiency. However, recent studies show that SL methods lack the trajectory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Xing Lei , Zifeng Zhuang , Shentao Yang , Sheng Xu , Yunhao Luo , Fei Shen , Wenyan Yang , Xuetao Zhang , Donglin Wang

Offline reinforcement learning requires reconciling two conflicting aims: learning a policy that improves over the behavior policy that collected the dataset, while at the same time minimizing the deviation from the behavior policy so as to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Ilya Kostrikov , Ashvin Nair , Sergey Levine

Developing effective quantitative trading strategies using reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging due to the high risks associated with online interaction with live financial markets. Consequently, offline RL, which leverages historical…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-28 Suyeol Yun