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This article presents a comprehensive review of the challenges associated with using massive web-mined corpora for the pre-training of large language models (LLMs). This review identifies key challenges in this domain, including challenges…

The internet is a common place for businesses to collect and store as much client data as possible and computer storage capacity has increased exponentially due to this trend. Businesses utilize this data to enhance customer satisfaction,…

In traditional usability studies, researchers talk to users of tools to understand their needs and challenges. Insights gained via such interviews offer context, detail, and background. Due to costs in time and money, we are beginning to…

Data has been increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the future economy. However, constructing an efficient data trading market faces challenges such as privacy breaches, data monopolies, and misuse. Despite numerous studies…

Open research data are heralded as having the potential to increase effectiveness, productivity, and reproducibility in science, but little is known about the actual practices involved in data search. The socio-technical problem of locating…

Web search engines retrieve a vast amount of information for a given search query. But the user needs only trustworthy and high-quality information from this vast retrieved data. The response time of the search engine must be a minimum…

The evolution of Big Data in large-scale Internet-of-Vehicles has brought forward unprecedented opportunities for a unified management of the transportation sector, and for devising smart Intelligent Transportation Systems. Nevertheless,…

Now no web search engine can cover more than 60 percent of all the pages on Internet. The update interval of most pages database is almost one month. This condition hasn't changed for many years. Converge and recency problems have become…

Cloud storage is a widely utilized service for both personal and enterprise demands. However, despite its advantages, many potential users with enormous amounts of sensitive data (big data) refrain from fully utilizing the cloud storage…

Web 3.0 is the new generation of the Internet that is reconstructed with distributed technology, which focuses on data ownership and value expression. Also, it operates under the principle that data and digital assets should be owned and…

With the continued digitization of societal processes, we are seeing an explosion in available data. This is referred to as big data. In a research setting, three aspects of the data are often viewed as the main sources of challenges when…

Searching accounts for one of the most frequently performed computations over the Internet as well as one of the most important applications of outsourced computing, producing results that critically affect users' decision-making behaviors.…

Reliable empirical models such as those used in software effort estimation or defect prediction are inherently dependent on the data from which they are built. As demands for process and product improvement continue to grow, the quality of…

The amount of data in the world is expanding rapidly. Every day, huge amounts of data are created by scientific experiments, companies, and end users' activities. These large data sets have been labeled as "Big Data", and their storage,…

Combining the results of different search engines in order to improve upon their performance has been the subject of many research papers. This has become known as the "Data Fusion" task, and has great promise in dealing with the vast…

The data is an important asset of an organization and it is essential to keep this asset secure. It requires security in whatever state is it i.e. data at rest, data in use, and data in transit. There is a need to pay more attention to it…

Improving data quality in unstructured documents is a long-standing challenge. Unstructured data, especially in textual form, inherently lacks defined semantics, which poses significant challenges for effective processing and for ensuring…

The success of AI models relies on the availability of large, diverse, and high-quality datasets, which can be challenging to obtain due to data scarcity, privacy concerns, and high costs. Synthetic data has emerged as a promising solution…

Deep learning benefits from the growing abundance of available data. Meanwhile, efficiently dealing with the growing data scale has become a challenge. Data publicly available are from different sources with various qualities, and it is…

Cloud Computing holds the potential to eliminate the requirements for setting up of high-cost computing infrastructure for the IT-based solutions and services that the industry uses. It promises to provide a flexible IT architecture,…