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This paper introduces X-SHAP, a model-agnostic method that assesses multiplicative contributions of variables for both local and global predictions. This method theoretically and operationally extends the so-called additive SHAP approach.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Luisa Bouneder , Yannick Léo , Aimé Lachapelle

As black box explanations are increasingly being employed to establish model credibility in high-stakes settings, it is important to ensure that these explanations are accurate and reliable. However, prior work demonstrates that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Dylan Slack , Sophie Hilgard , Sameer Singh , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Large language models have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities in general knowledge question answering. However, their ability to handle temporal information remains limited. To address this limitation, existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yimin Deng , Yejing Wang , Zhenxi Lin , Zichuan Fu , Guoshuai Zhao , Derong Xu , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao , Xian Wu , Li Zhu , Xueming Qian

Temporal networks are ubiquitous and evolve over time by the addition, deletion, and changing of links, nodes, and attributes. Although many relational datasets contain temporal information, the majority of existing techniques in relational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-11-23 Ryan A. Rossi , Jennifer Neville

Locally interpretable model agnostic explanations (LIME) method is one of the most popular methods used to explain black-box models at a per example level. Although many variants have been proposed, few provide a simple way to produce high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Amit Dhurandhar , Karthikeyan Ramamurthy , Kartik Ahuja , Vijay Arya

Using more test-time computation during language model inference, such as generating more intermediate thoughts or sampling multiple candidate answers, has proven effective in significantly improving model performance. This paper takes an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xingwu Chen , Miao Lu , Beining Wu , Difan Zou

There can be many competing and contradictory explanations for a single model prediction, making it difficult to select which one to use. Current explanation evaluation frameworks measure quality by comparing against ideal "ground-truth"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Kaivalya Rawal , Zihao Fu , Eoin Delaney , Chris Russell

Our world is open-ended, non-stationary, and constantly evolving; thus what we talk about and how we talk about it change over time. This inherent dynamic nature of language contrasts with the current static language modelling paradigm,…

Explainability is essential for neural networks that model long time series, yet most existing explainable AI methods only produce point-wise importance scores and fail to capture temporal structures such as trends, cycles, and regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ziqian Wang , Yuxiao Cheng , Jinli Suo

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, such as Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), have advanced the interpretability of black-box machine learning models by approximating their behavior locally using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Rehan Raza , Guanjin Wang , Kok Wai Wong , Hamid Laga , Marco Fisichella

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make machine learning models transparent and trustworthy, yet most current approaches communicate explanations visually or through text. This paper introduces an information theoretic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

Neural models have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse ranking tasks. However, the processes and internal mechanisms along which they determine relevance are still largely unknown. Existing approaches for analyzing neural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Catherine Chen , Jack Merullo , Carsten Eickhoff

This paper presents LEXR, a framework for explaining the decision making of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using a formal description language called Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). LTL is the de facto standard for the specification of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Daniel Neider

Deep neural networks are one of the most successful classifiers across different domains. However, due to their limitations concerning interpretability their use is limited in safety critical context. The research field of explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Dominique Mercier , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Despite Large Language Models' remarkable capabilities, understanding their internal representations remains challenging. Mechanistic interpretability tools such as sparse autoencoders (SAEs) were developed to extract interpretable features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xiangchen Song , Jiaqi Sun , Zijian Li , Yujia Zheng , Kun Zhang

We introduce ReXTime, a benchmark designed to rigorously test AI models' ability to perform temporal reasoning within video events. Specifically, ReXTime focuses on reasoning across time, i.e. human-like understanding when the question and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jr-Jen Chen , Yu-Chien Liao , Hsi-Che Lin , Yu-Chu Yu , Yen-Chun Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Explaining the behavior of black box machine learning models through human interpretable rules is an important research area. Recent work has focused on explaining model behavior locally i.e. for specific predictions as well as globally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Sukriti Verma , Nikaash Puri , Piyush Gupta , Balaji Krishnamurthy

Natural language explanations (NLEs) are a special form of data annotation in which annotators identify rationales (most significant text tokens) when assigning labels to data instances, and write out explanations for the labels in natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Xinyan Zhao , V. G. Vinod Vydiswaran

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques hold significant potential for enhancing the causal discovery process, which is crucial for understanding complex systems in areas like healthcare, economics, and artificial intelligence.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jesus Renero , Idoia Ochoa , Roberto Maestre

We present an overview on Temporal Logic Programming under the perspective of its application for Knowledge Representation and declarative problem solving. Such programs are the result of combining usual rules with temporal modal operators,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Felicidad Aguado , Pedro Cabalar , Martin Dieguez , Gilberto Perez , Torsten Schaub , Anna Schuhmann , Concepcion Vidal