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Task-oriented dialogue systems help users accomplish tasks such as booking a movie ticket and ordering food via conversation. Generative models parameterized by a deep neural network are widely used for next turn response generation in such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Prasanna Parthasarathi , Arvind Neelakantan , Sharan Narang

The integration of external knowledge through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become foundational in enhancing large language models (LLMs) for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing RAG paradigms often overlook the cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Ming Fan , Xicheng Zhang , Yubo Zhang , Zhengfan Wang , Heyuan Huang , Ting Liu

This paper investigates the design of a unified search engine to serve multiple retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) agents, each with a distinct task, backbone large language model (LLM), and RAG strategy. We introduce an iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to augment the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving and incorporate external documents or chunks prior to generation. However, even improved retriever relevance can brings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sha Li , Naren Ramakrishnan

Recent advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have revolutionized natural language processing by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with external information retrieval, enabling accurate, up-to-date, and verifiable text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Aoran Gan , Hao Yu , Kai Zhang , Qi Liu , Wenyu Yan , Zhenya Huang , Shiwei Tong , Guoping Hu

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has proven effective in integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs) for solving question-answer (QA) tasks. The state-of-the-art RAG approaches often use the graph data as the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shu Wang , Yixiang Fang , Yingli Zhou , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, existing multimodal RAG systems predominantly rely on coarse-grained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yifan Zhu , Yu Mi , Yue Lu , Yanchu Guan , Zhixuan Chu

Encoder-decoder based neural architectures serve as the basis of state-of-the-art approaches in end-to-end open domain dialog systems. Since most of such systems are trained with a maximum likelihood~(MLE) objective they suffer from issues…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge but often suffers from flat context representations and stateless retrieval, leading to unstable performance. We propose Stateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Qi Dong , Ziheng Lin , Ning Ding

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating multimodal data (text, images, videos) into retrieval and generation processes, overcoming the limitations of text-only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Lang Mei , Siyu Mo , Zhihan Yang , Chong Chen

There has recently been growing interest in conversational agents with long-term memory which has led to the rapid development of language models that use retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Until recently, most work on RAG has focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Nick Alonso , Tomás Figliolia , Anthony Ndirango , Beren Millidge

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant information from external sources and has been widely adopted for text-based tasks. For structured data, such as knowledge graphs, Graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haoyu Han , Li Ma , Yu Wang , Harry Shomer , Yongjia Lei , Zhisheng Qi , Kai Guo , Zhigang Hua , Bo Long , Hui Liu , Charu C. Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach to enhance task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems. However, existing RL methods tend to mainly focus on generation tasks, such as dialogue policy learning (DPL) or response generation (RG),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Huifang Du , Shuqin Li , Minghao Wu , Xuejing Feng , Yuan-Fang Li , Haofen Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance text generation by incorporating external knowledge but often struggle when retrieving context across different text modalities due to semantic gaps. We introduce a generalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Arihan Yadav , Alan McMillan

We revisit retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) by embedding retrieval control directly into generation. Instead of treating retrieval as an external intervention, we express retrieval decisions within token-level decoding, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bo Li , Mingda Wang , Gexiang Fang , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Attention-based encoder-decoder neural network models have recently shown promising results in goal-oriented dialogue systems. However, these models struggle to reason over and incorporate state-full knowledge while preserving their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Firas Kassawat , Debanjan Chaudhuri , Jens Lehmann

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves the accuracy and relevance of large language model outputs by incorporating knowledge retrieval. However, implementing RAG in enterprises poses challenges around data security, accuracy,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tilmann Bruckhaus

Task oriented dialogue (TOD) requires the complex interleaving of a number of individually controllable components with strong guarantees for explainability and verifiability. This has made it difficult to adopt the multi-turn multi-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Oluwatobi O. Olabiyi , Prarthana Bhattarai , C. Bayan Bruss , Zachary Kulis

This paper presents an experience report on the development of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using PDF documents as the primary data source. The RAG architecture combines generative capabilities of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ayman Asad Khan , Md Toufique Hasan , Kai Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Pekka Abrahamsson
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