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Recently, there has been considerable research interest in graph clustering aimed at data partition using the graph information. However, one limitation of the most of graph-based methods is that they assume the graph structure to operate…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Yiming Wang , Dongxia Chang , Zhiqian Fu , Yao Zhao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated a significant success in various graph learning tasks, from graph classification to anomaly detection. There recently has emerged a number of approaches adopting a graph pooling operation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Yuzhou Chen , Yulia R. Gel

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results on many graph analysis tasks such as node classification and link prediction. However, important unsupervised problems on graphs, such as graph clustering, have proved more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Anton Tsitsulin , John Palowitch , Bryan Perozzi , Emmanuel Müller

Graph pooling that summaries the information in a large graph into a compact form is essential in hierarchical graph representation learning. Existing graph pooling methods either suffer from high computational complexity or cannot capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Yunsheng Pang , Yunxiang Zhao , Dongsheng Li

Graph pooling has been increasingly recognized as crucial for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to facilitate hierarchical graph representation learning. Existing graph pooling methods commonly consist of two stages: selecting top-ranked nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Chuang Liu , Wenhang Yu , Kuang Gao , Xueqi Ma , Yibing Zhan , Jia Wu , Bo Du , Wenbin Hu

Deep Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are useful models for graph classification and graph-based regression tasks. In these tasks, graph pooling is a critical ingredient by which GNNs adapt to input graphs of varying size and structure. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yu Guang Wang , Ming Li , Zheng Ma , Guido Montufar , Xiaosheng Zhuang , Yanan Fan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are attracting growing attention due to their effectiveness and flexibility in modeling a variety of graph-structured data. Exiting GNN architectures usually adopt simple pooling operations (eg. sum, average,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Chenqing Hua , Guillaume Rabusseau , Jian Tang

Graph neural networks have emerged as a powerful model for graph representation learning to undertake graph-level prediction tasks. Various graph pooling methods have been developed to coarsen an input graph into a succinct graph-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Xiaowei Zhou , Jie Yin , Ivor W. Tsang

We propose a novel approach to compute the MAXCUT in attributed graphs, i.e., graphs with features associated with nodes and edges. Our approach works well on any kind of graph topology and can find solutions that jointly optimize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Carlo Abate , Filippo Maria Bianchi

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) are a powerful extension of deep learning techniques to graph-structured data problems. We empirically evaluate several pooling methods for GCNNs, and combinations of those graph pooling methods…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-08 Mark Cheung , John Shi , Lavender Yao Jiang , Oren Wright , José M. F. Moura

Recent advances in representation learning on graphs, mainly leveraging graph convolutional networks, have brought a substantial improvement on many graph-based benchmark tasks. While novel approaches to learning node embeddings are highly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Cătălina Cangea , Petar Veličković , Nikola Jovanović , Thomas Kipf , Pietro Liò

In this paper, we develop a novel local graph pooling method, namely the Separated Subgraph-based Hierarchical Pooling (SSHPool), for graph classification. We commence by assigning the nodes of a sample graph into different clusters,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Zhuo Xu , Lixin Cui , Ming Li , Yue Wang , Ziyu Lyu , Hangyuan Du , Lu Bai , Philip S. Yu , Edwin R. Hancock

Graph-structured data naturally occurs in many research fields, such as chemistry and sociology. The relational information contained therein can be leveraged to statistically model graph properties through geometrical deep learning. Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 T. Snelleman , B. M. Renting , H. H. Hoos , J. N. van Rijn

Graph-level representation learning is the pivotal step for downstream tasks that operate on the whole graph. The most common approach to this problem heretofore is graph pooling, where node features are typically averaged or summed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Kaixuan Chen , Jie Song , Shunyu Liu , Na Yu , Zunlei Feng , Gengshi Han , Mingli Song

We introduce BN-Pool, the first clustering-based pooling method for Graph Neural Networks that adaptively determines the number of supernodes in a coarsened graph. BN-Pool leverages a generative model based on a Bayesian nonparametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Daniele Castellana , Filippo Maria Bianchi

Inspired by the conventional pooling layers in convolutional neural networks, many recent works in the field of graph machine learning have introduced pooling operators to reduce the size of graphs. The great variety in the literature stems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Daniele Grattarola , Daniele Zambon , Filippo Maria Bianchi , Cesare Alippi

Graph Neural Network (GNN) research has concentrated on improving convolutional layers, with little attention paid to developing graph pooling layers. Yet pooling layers can enable GNNs to reason over abstracted groups of nodes instead of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Frederik Diehl

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance across a range of graph representation learning tasks, yet their adversarial robustness in graph classification remains underexplored compared to node classification. While most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sofiane Ennadir , Oleg Smirnov , Yassine Abbahaddou , Lele Cao , Johannes F. Lutzeyer

Over-squashing and over-smoothing are two critical issues, that limit the capabilities of graph neural networks (GNNs). While over-smoothing eliminates the differences between nodes making them indistinguishable, over-squashing refers to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Cedric Sanders , Andreas Roth , Thomas Liebig

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for graph classification. One important operation for GNNs is the downsampling or pooling that can learn effective embeddings from the node representations. In this paper, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Zhehan Zhao , Lu Bai , Lixin Cui , Ming Li , Yue Wang , Lixiang Xu , Edwin R. Hancock