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With the advances of AI research, AI has been increasingly adopted in numerous domains, ranging from low-stakes daily tasks such as movie recommendations to high-stakes tasks such as medicine, and criminal justice decision-making.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shuai Ma

In numerous high-stakes domains, training novices via conventional learning systems does not suffice. To impart tacit knowledge, experts' hands-on guidance is imperative. However, training novices by experts is costly and time-consuming,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Philipp Spitzer , Niklas Kühl , Marc Goutier , Manuel Kaschura , Gerhard Satzger

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide insights into the decision-making process of AI models, allowing users to understand their results beyond their decisions. A significant goal of XAI is to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Andrea Apicella , Luca Di Lorenzo , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging area of research in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). XAI can explain how AI obtained a particular solution (e.g., classification or object detection) and can also answer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Prashant Gohel , Priyanka Singh , Manoranjan Mohanty

Established approaches to assuring safety-critical systems and software are difficult to apply to systems employing ML where there is no clear, pre-defined specification against which to assess validity. This problem is exacerbated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Yan Jia , John McDermid , Tom Lawton , Ibrahim Habli

A main drawback of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approaches is the feature independence assumption, hindering the study of potential variable dependencies. This leads to approximating black box behaviors by analyzing the effects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Martina Cinquini , Riccardo Guidotti

Explainability and interpretability of AI models is an essential factor affecting the safety of AI. While various explainable AI (XAI) approaches aim at mitigating the lack of transparency in deep networks, the evidence of the effectiveness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Kamran Alipour , Jurgen P. Schulze , Yi Yao , Avi Ziskind , Giedrius Burachas

Artificial intelligence-driven adaptive learning systems are reshaping education through data-driven adaptation of learning experiences. Yet many of these systems lack transparency, offering limited insight into how decisions are made. Most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Maryam Mosleh , Marie Devlin , Ellis Solaiman

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rising field in AI. It aims to produce a demonstrative factor of trust, which for human subjects is achieved through communicative means, which Machine Learning (ML) algorithms cannot solely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jamie Andrew Duell

In recent years, the impact of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in society has been absolutely remarkable. This impact is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. However,the adoption of AI/ML is also a cause of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Joao Marques-Silva

When users perceive AI systems as mindful, independent agents, they hold them responsible instead of the AI experts who created and designed these systems. So far, it has not been studied whether explanations support this shift in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Susanne Hindennach , Lei Shi , Filip Miletić , Andreas Bulling

Explanation is key to people having confidence in high-stakes AI systems. However, machine-learning-based systems -- which account for almost all current AI -- can't explain because they are usually black boxes. The explainable AI (XAI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Sergei Nirenburg , Marjorie McShane , Kenneth W. Goodman , Sanjay Oruganti

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems continue to grow in size and complexity, so does the difficulty of the quest for AI transparency. In a world of large models and complex AI systems, why do we explain AI and what should we explain?…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Karina Cortinas-Lorenzo , Gavin Doherty

Despite the fact that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has boosted the achievement of remarkable results across numerous data analysis tasks, however, this is typically accompanied by a significant shortcoming in the exhibited transparency and…

Explainable AI (XAI) is widely viewed as a sine qua non for ever-expanding AI research. A better understanding of the needs of XAI users, as well as human-centered evaluations of explainable models are both a necessity and a challenge. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yao Rong , Tobias Leemann , Thai-trang Nguyen , Lisa Fiedler , Peizhu Qian , Vaibhav Unhelkar , Tina Seidel , Gjergji Kasneci , Enkelejda Kasneci

Research in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted decision-making is experiencing tremendous growth with a constantly rising number of studies evaluating the effect of AI with and without techniques from the field of explainable AI (XAI) on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Max Schemmer , Patrick Hemmer , Maximilian Nitsche , Niklas Kühl , Michael Vössing

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

A core assumption of Explainable AI (XAI) is that explanations are useful to users -- that is, users will do something with the explanations. Prior work, however, does not clearly connect the information provided in explanations to user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Gennie Mansi , Julia Kim , Mark Riedl

Explainable AI (XAI) can greatly enhance user trust and satisfaction in AI-assisted decision-making processes. Recent findings suggest that a single explainer may not meet the diverse needs of multiple users in an AI system; indeed, even…

According to the latest trend of artificial intelligence, AI-systems needs to clarify regarding general,specific decisions,services provided by it. Only consumer is satisfied, with explanation , for example, why any classification result is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rossi Kamal