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In-plane Hyperbolic Phonon polaritons (HPhPs) are quasiparticles formed via coupling of photons and optical phonons in in-plane hyperbolic materials and offer unique applications in sensing, thermal emitters and high resolution imaging.…

Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) are generated when infrared photons couple to polar optic phonons in anisotropic media, confining long-wavelength light to nanoscale volumes. However, to realize the full potential of HPhPs for infrared…

Polar dielectrics with low crystal symmetry and sharp phonon resonances can support hyperbolic shear polaritons - highly confined surface modes with frequency-dependent optical axes and asymmetric dissipation features. So far, these modes…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-12 Enrico Maria Renzi , Emanuele Galiffi , Xiang Ni , Andrea Alù

Surface polaritons (SPs) are electromagnetic waves bound to a surface through their interaction with charge carriers in the surface material. Hyperbolic SPs can be supported by optically anisotropic materials where the in-plane and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Philip A. Thomas , William P. Wardley , William L. Barnes

Low symmetry crystals have recently emerged as a platform for exploring novel light-matter interactions in the form of hyperbolic shear polaritons. These excitations exhibit unique optical properties such as frequency-dispersive optical…

Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) are coupled oscillations of anisotropic lattice vibrations and electromagnetic fields that confine the latter to the nanoscale, enabling novel nano-polaritonic devices. While HPPs have been identified in…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-15 H. Shiravi , W. Zheng , D. A. Rhodes , L. Balicas , H. D. Zhou , G. X. Ni

We model generation of vortex modes in exciton-polariton condensates in semiconductor micropillars, arranged into a hexagonal ring molecule, in the presence of TE-TM splitting. This splitting lifts the degeneracy of azimuthally modulated…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-10-12 Xuekai Ma , Yaroslav V. Kartashov , Alexey Kavokin , Stefan Schumacher

We demonstrate that in-bulk vortex localized modes, and their surface half-vortex ("horseshoe") counterparts self-trap in two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear optical systems with $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric photonic lattices (PLs). The respective…

Optics · Physics 2014-05-27 Huagang Li , Xing Zhu , Zhiwei Shi , Boris A. Malomed , Tianshu Lai , Chaohong Lee

Controlling light at the nanoscale by exploiting ultra-confined polaritons - hybrid light and matter waves - in various van der Waals (vdW) materials empowers unique opportunities for many nanophotonic on-chip technologies. So far,…

A major challenge in polariton fluids is achieving deterministic control over the spin texture of the macroscopic condensate wavefunction, which dictates the nucleation and dynamics of topological excitations, such as vortices, solitons,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Andrea Zacheo , Marco Marangi , Nilo Mata-Cervera , Yijie Shen , Giorgio Adamo , Cesare Soci

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been widely exploited in various scientific communities, ranging from physics, chemistry to biology, due to the strong confinement of light to the metal surface. For many applications it is important…

Spatiotemporal vortices are polychromatic modes that intertwine orbital angular momentum (OAM) in space and time. Here we introduce a new class of such vortices, spatiotemporal plasmonic vortices (STPVs), carrying nontrivial topological…

Phonon-polaritons are electromagnetic waves resulting from the coherent coupling of photons with optical phonons in polar dielectrics. Due to their exceptional ability to confine electric fields to deep subwavelength scales with low loss,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 Qiushi Guo , Iliya Esin , Cheng Li , Chen Chen , Song Liu , James H. Edgar , Selina Zhou , Eugene Demler , Gil Refael , Fengnian Xia

This chapter reviews the occurrence of quantised vortices in polariton fluids, primarily when polaritons are driven in the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) regime. We first review the OPO physics, together with both its analytical and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 F. M. Marchetti , M. H. Szymanska

Layered topological insulators, for example, Bi$_2$Se$_3$ are optically hyperbolic materials in a range of THz frequencies. Such materials possess deeply subdiffractional, highly directional collective modes: hyperbolic phonon-polaritons.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-12-09 Jhih-Sheng Wu , D. N. Basov , M. M. Fogler

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are central to application areas such as sensing, energy harvesting, and nanoscale optics, and are typically excited via spatial structuring -- an approach lacking dynamic control. We demonstrate that…

Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in polar dielectrics offer new opportunities for infrared nanophotonics due to sub-diffraction confinement with low optical losses. Though the polaritonic field confinement can be significantly improved by…

Since the latter half of the 20th century, the use of metal in optics has become a promising plasmonics field for controlling light at a deep subwavelength scale. Surface plasmon polaritons localized on metal surfaces are crucial in…

Exciton-polaritons are quasi-particles arising from the strong coupling regime between excitons and photons. In planar microcavitites, phenomena such as superfluidity or Bose-Einstein condensation can be observed. Those systems have…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2021-02-04 Anne Maître
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