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This document presents a vision for a novel AI infrastructure design that has been initially validated through inference simulations on state-of-the-art large language models. Advancements in deep learning and specialized hardware have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jiamin Li , Lei Qu , Tao Zhang , Grigory Chirkov , Shuotao Xu , Peng Cheng , Lidong Zhou

Steel-LLM is a Chinese-centric language model developed from scratch with the goal of creating a high-quality, open-source model despite limited computational resources. Launched in March 2024, the project aimed to train a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Qingshui Gu , Shu Li , Tianyu Zheng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Entity-level fine-grained sentiment analysis in the financial domain is a crucial subtask of sentiment analysis and currently faces numerous challenges. The primary challenge stems from the lack of high-quality and large-scale annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Yinyu Lan , Yanru Wu , Wang Xu , Weiqiang Feng , Youhao Zhang

While various multimodal multi-image evaluation datasets have been emerged, but these datasets are primarily based on English, and there has yet to be a Chinese multi-image dataset. To fill this gap, we introduce RealBench, the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Fei Zhao , Chengqiang Lu , Yufan Shen , Qimeng Wang , Yicheng Qian , Haoxin Zhang , Yan Gao , Yi Wu , Yao Hu , Zhen Wu , Shangyu Xing , Xinyu Dai

Code-mixing is increasingly prevalent in interactions between humans and large language models, yet existing work often reduces it to a translation or convertibility problem, making it difficult to assess whether a model's switching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Qingyan Yang , Tongxi Wang , Yunsheng Luo

Benchmarking involves designing scientific test methods, tools, and frameworks to quantitatively and comparably assess specific performance indicators of certain test subjects. With the development of artificial intelligence, AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Fenglin Bi , Fanyu Han , Shengyu Zhao , Jinlu Li , Yanbin Zhang , Wei Wang

In the burgeoning field of large language models (LLMs), the assessment of fundamental knowledge remains a critical challenge, particularly for models tailored to Chinese language and culture. This paper introduces FoundaBench, a pioneering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Wei Li , Ren Ma , Jiang Wu , Chenya Gu , Jiahui Peng , Jinyang Len , Songyang Zhang , Hang Yan , Dahua Lin , Conghui He

The rapid development of Chinese large language models (LLMs) poses big challenges for efficient LLM evaluation. While current initiatives have introduced new benchmarks or evaluation platforms for assessing Chinese LLMs, many of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Chuang Liu , Linhao Yu , Jiaxuan Li , Renren Jin , Yufei Huang , Ling Shi , Junhui Zhang , Xinmeng Ji , Tingting Cui , Tao Liu , Jinwang Song , Hongying Zan , Sun Li , Deyi Xiong

Foundation models have demonstrated a great ability to achieve general human-level intelligence far beyond traditional approaches. As the technique keeps attracting attention from the AI community, an increasing number of foundation models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Shizhe Diao , Rui Pan , Hanze Dong , Ka Shun Shum , Jipeng Zhang , Wei Xiong , Tong Zhang

Alignment has become a critical step for instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) to become helpful assistants. However, the effective evaluation of alignment for emerging Chinese LLMs is still largely unexplored. To fill in this gap,…

We introduce the Yi model family, a series of language and multimodal models that demonstrate strong multi-dimensional capabilities. The Yi model family is based on 6B and 34B pretrained language models, then we extend them to chat models,…

This project focuses on enhancing open-source large language models through instruction-tuning and providing comprehensive evaluations of their performance. We explore how various training data factors, such as quantity, quality, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Fangkai Jiao , Bosheng Ding , Tianze Luo , Zhanfeng Mo

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence techniques have enabled their successful application across a spectrum of commercial and industrial settings. However, these techniques require large volumes of data to be aggregated in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Dengsheng Chen , Vince Tan , Zhilin Lu , Jie Hu

Large language models (LLMs), including both proprietary and open-source models, have showcased remarkable capabilities in addressing a wide range of downstream tasks. Nonetheless, when it comes to practical Chinese legal tasks, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhi Zhou , Jiang-Xin Shi , Peng-Xiao Song , Xiao-Wen Yang , Yi-Xuan Jin , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Acquiring commonsense knowledge and reasoning is recognized as an important frontier in achieving general Artificial Intelligence (AI). Recent research in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community has demonstrated significant progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Ke Shen , Mayank Kejriwal

Instruction tuning is widely recognized as a key technique for building generalist language models, which has attracted the attention of researchers and the public with the release of InstructGPT~\citep{ouyang2022training} and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Ge Zhang , Yemin Shi , Ruibo Liu , Ruibin Yuan , Yizhi Li , Siwei Dong , Yu Shu , Zhaoqun Li , Zekun Wang , Chenghua Lin , Wenhao Huang , Jie Fu

We survey applications of pretrained foundation models in robotics. Traditional deep learning models in robotics are trained on small datasets tailored for specific tasks, which limits their adaptability across diverse applications. In…

Foundation model development attracts a rapidly expanding body of contributors, scientists, and applications. To help shape responsible development practices, we introduce the Foundation Model Development Cheatsheet: a growing collection of…

Humor plays a significant role in daily language communication. With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), natural language processing has made significant strides in understanding and generating various genres of texts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Zhenghan Yu , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

General-purpose large language models demonstrate notable capabilities in language comprehension and generation, achieving results that are comparable to, or even surpass, human performance in many natural language processing tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shen Li , Renfen Hu , Lijun Wang
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