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Class imbalance is a ubiquitous phenomenon occurring in real world data distributions. To overcome its detrimental effect on training accurate classifiers, existing work follows three major directions: class re-balancing, information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Rahul Duggal , Shengyun Peng , Hao Zhou , Duen Horng Chau

The imbalance (or long-tail) is the nature of many real-world data distributions, which often induces the undesirable bias of deep classification models toward frequent classes, resulting in poor performance for tail classes. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fudong Lin , Xu Yuan

Real-world datasets often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where a few dominant "Head" classes have abundant samples while most "Tail" classes are severely underrepresented, leading to biased learning and poor generalization for the Tail.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mahdiyar Molahasani , Michael Greenspan , Ali Etemad

Deep neural networks have been shown to easily overfit to biased training data with label noise or class imbalance. Meta-learning algorithms are commonly designed to alleviate this issue in the form of sample reweighting, by learning a meta…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Hongxin Wei , Lei Feng , Rundong Wang , Bo An

The fine-tuning paradigm in addressing long-tail learning tasks has sparked significant interest since the emergence of foundation models. Nonetheless, how fine-tuning impacts performance in long-tail learning was not explicitly quantified.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiang-Xin Shi , Tong Wei , Zhi Zhou , Jie-Jing Shao , Xin-Yan Han , Yu-Feng Li

As a data-driven method, the performance of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) relies heavily on training data. The prediction results of traditional networks give a bias toward larger classes, which tend to be the background in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-04 N. Anantrasirichai , David Bull

In conventional deep learning, the number of neurons typically remains fixed during training. However, insights from biology suggest that the human hippocampus undergoes continuous neuron generation and pruning of neurons over the course of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Taigo Sakai , Kazuhiro Hotta

Deterministic neural nets have been shown to learn effective predictors on a wide range of machine learning problems. However, as the standard approach is to train the network to minimize a prediction loss, the resultant model remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Murat Sensoy , Lance Kaplan , Melih Kandemir

Learning classifiers using skewed or imbalanced datasets can occasionally lead to classification issues; this is a serious issue. In some cases, one class contains the majority of examples while the other, which is frequently the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Satyendra Singh Rawat , Amit Kumar Mishra

One of the most prominent problems in machine learning in the age of deep learning is the availability of sufficiently large annotated datasets. For specific domains, e.g. animal species, a long-tail distribution means that some classes are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Clemens-Alexander Brust , Joachim Denzler

In the real open world, data tends to follow long-tailed class distributions, motivating the well-studied long-tailed recognition (LTR) problem. Naive training produces models that are biased toward common classes in terms of higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Shaden Alshammari , Yu-Xiong Wang , Deva Ramanan , Shu Kong

In this work, we tackle the challenging problem of long-tailed image recognition. Previous long-tailed recognition approaches mainly focus on data augmentation or re-balancing strategies for the tail classes to give them more attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Weide Liu , Zhonghua Wu , Yiming Wang , Henghui Ding , Fayao Liu , Jie Lin , Guosheng Lin

Long-tailed object detection faces great challenges because of its extremely imbalanced class distribution. Recent methods mainly focus on the classification bias and its loss function design, while ignoring the subtle influence of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Ke Zhu , Minghao Fu , Jie Shao , Tianyu Liu , Jianxin Wu

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in bearing fault diagnosis. However, its performance oftentimes deteriorates when dealing with highly imbalanced or long-tailed data, while such cases are prevalent in industrial settings…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-22 Wei-En Yu , Jinwei Sun , Shiping Zhang , Xiaoge Zhang , Jing-Xiao Liao

Defect prediction is crucial for software quality assurance and has been extensively researched over recent decades. However, prior studies rarely focus on data complexity in defect prediction tasks, and even less on understanding the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Xiaohui Wan , Zheng Zheng , Fangyun Qin , Xuhui Lu

Long-tailed classification is challenging due to its heavy imbalance in class probabilities. While existing methods often focus on overall accuracy or accuracy for tail classes, they overlook a critical aspect: certain types of errors can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

In this work, we address the challenging task of long-tailed image recognition. Previous long-tailed recognition methods commonly focus on the data augmentation or re-balancing strategy of the tail classes to give more attention to tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Weide Liu , Zhonghua Wu , Yiming Wang , Henghui Ding , Fayao Liu , Jie Lin , Guosheng Lin

The datasets used for Deep Neural Network training (e.g., ImageNet, MSCOCO, etc.) are often manually balanced across categories (classes) to facilitate learning of all the categories. This curation process is often expensive and requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Harsh Rangwani

Label distributions in camera-trap images are highly imbalanced and long-tailed, resulting in neural networks tending to be biased towards head-classes that appear frequently. Although long-tail learning has been extremely explored to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Byeongjun Park , Jeongsoo Kim , Seungju Cho , Heeseon Kim , Changick Kim

This paper considers learning deep features from long-tailed data. We observe that in the deep feature space, the head classes and the tail classes present different distribution patterns. The head classes have a relatively large spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Jialun Liu , Yifan Sun , Chuchu Han , Zhaopeng Dou , Wenhui Li