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We introduce the concept of code shaping, an interaction paradigm for editing code using free-form sketch annotations directly on top of the code and console output. To evaluate this concept, we conducted a three-stage design study with 18…
Semantic search, a process aimed at delivering highly relevant search results by comprehending the searcher's intent and the contextual meaning of terms within a searchable dataspace, plays a pivotal role in information retrieval. In this…
Data science workflows are human-centered processes involving on-demand programming and analysis. While programmable and interactive interfaces such as widgets embedded within computational notebooks are suitable for these workflows, they…
The interpretation of data is fundamental to machine learning. This paper investigates practices of image data annotation as performed in industrial contexts. We define data annotation as a sense-making practice, where annotators assign…
Sensemaking is a constant and ongoing process by which people associate meaning to experiences. It can be an individual process, known as abduction, or a group process by which people give meaning to collective experiences. The sensemaking…
As programmers write code, they often edit and retry multiple times, creating rich "interaction traces" that reveal how they approach coding tasks and provide clues about their level of skill development. For novice programmers in…
Humans and animals exhibit a range of interesting behaviors in dynamic environments, and it is unclear how our brains actively reformat this dense sensory information to enable these behaviors. Experimental neuroscience is undergoing a…
Software redesign preserves functionality while improving quality attributes, but manual reuse of code and tests is costly and error-prone, especially in crossrepository redesigns. Focusing on static analyzers where cross-repo redesign…
Context: Jupyter Notebook has emerged as a versatile tool that transforms how researchers, developers, and data scientists conduct and communicate their work. As the adoption of Jupyter notebooks continues to rise, so does the interest from…
Computational notebooks, while essential for data science, are limited by their one-dimensional interface, which poorly aligns with non-linear developer workflows and complicates collaboration and human-AI interaction. In this work, we…
Measuring performance & quantifying a performance change are core evaluation techniques in programming language and systems research. Of 122 recent scientific papers, as many as 65 included experimental evaluation that quantified a…
Shape is commonly used to distinguish between categories in multi-class scatterplots. However, existing guidelines for choosing effective shape palettes rely largely on intuition and do not consider how these needs may change as the number…
The vast amount of research produced at institutions world-wide is extremely diverse, and coarse-grained quantitative measures of impact often obscure the individual contributions of these institutions to specific research fields and…
The relevance of code comprehension in a developer's daily work was recognized more than 40 years ago. Consequently, many experiments were conducted to find out how developers could be supported during code comprehension and which code…
Narrative sensemaking is a fundamental process to understand sequential information. Narrative maps are a visual representation framework that can aid analysts in this process. They allow analysts to understand the big picture of a…
Interactive computing notebooks, such as Jupyter notebooks, have become a popular tool for developing and improving data-driven models. Such notebooks tend to be executed either in the user's own machine or in a cloud environment, having…
Vibe researching is an emerging paradigm in which human researchers provide high-level direction and critical judgment while LLM-based agents handle the labor-intensive execution of literature review, experimentation, data analysis, and…
Learning data storytelling involves a complex web of skills. Professional and academic educational offerings typically focus on the computational literacies required, but professionals in the field employ many non-technical methods;…
Computational notebooks, such as Jupyter Notebook, have become data scientists' de facto programming environments. Many visualization researchers and practitioners have developed interactive visualization tools that support notebooks, yet…
Data science pipelines to train and evaluate models with machine learning may contain bugs just like any other code. Leakage between training and test data can lead to overestimating the model's accuracy during offline evaluations, possibly…