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Conversational systems or chatbots are an example of AI-Infused Applications (AIIA). Chatbots are especially important as they are often the first interaction of clients with a business and are the entry point of a business into the AI…

Software development is a cognitively intensive process requiring multitasking, adherence to evolving workflows, and continuous learning. With the rise of large language model (LLM)-based tools, such as conversational agents (CAs), there is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Glaucia Melo , Paulo Alencar , Donald Cowan

Conversational agents, such as chatbots, have increasingly found their way into many dimensions of our lives, including entertainment and education. In this exploratory study we built a child-friendly chatbot, "Ask Me Anything" (AMA), and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Saniya Vahedian Movahed , Fred Martin

With the rise of human-machine communication, machines are increasingly designed with humanlike characteristics, such as gender, which can inadvertently trigger cognitive biases. Many conversational agents (CAs), such as voice assistants…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Weizi Liu

Growing up in an artificial intelligence-filled world, with Siri and Amazon Alexa often within arm's - or speech's - reach, could have significant impact on children. Conversational agents could influence how students anthropomorphize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Jessica Van Brummelen , Viktoriya Tabunshchyk , Tommy Heng

Recent years have seen a steady rise in the popularity and use of Conversational Agents (CA) for different applications, well before the more immediate impact of large language models. This rise has been accompanied by an extensive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Malak Sadek , Céline Mougenot

Conversational agents or chatbots are widely investigated and used across different fields including healthcare, education, and marketing. Still, the development of chatbots for assisting secure coding practices is in its infancy. In this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Catherine Tony , Mohana Balasubramanian , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Riccardo Scandariato

Conversational AI (CAI) systems offer opportunities to scale service provision to unprecedented levels and governments and corporations are already beginning to deploy them across services. The economic argument is similar across domains:…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Rafael A. Calvo , Dorian Peters

General-purpose conversational AI chatbots and AI companions increasingly provide young adolescents with emotionally supportive conversations, raising questions about how conversational style shapes anthropomorphism and emotional reliance.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Pilyoung Kim , Yun Xie , Sujin Yang

Computational thinking, and by extension, computer programming, is notoriously challenging to learn. Conversational agents and generative artificial intelligence (genAI) have the potential to facilitate this learning process by offering…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jacob Penney , João Felipe Pimentel , Igor Steinmacher , Marco A. Gerosa

This workshop proposal focuses on best practices in UI/UX design for AI applications aimed at children, emphasising safety, engagement, and ethics. It aims to address the challenge of measuring the safety, trustworthiness, and reliability…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Grazia Ragone , Paolo Buono , Rosa Lanzilotti

The rapid advancement of chat-based language models has led to remarkable progress in complex task-solving. However, their success heavily relies on human input to guide the conversation, which can be challenging and time-consuming. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Guohao Li , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Hani Itani , Dmitrii Khizbullin , Bernard Ghanem

Conversational agents (CA) have become increasingly prevalent in various domains, driving significant interest in understanding the dynamics of trust in CA. This study addresses the need for a comprehensive analysis of research trends in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Meltem Aksoy , Annika Bush

Textual conversational agent or chatbots' development gather tremendous traction from both academia and industries in recent years. Nowadays, chatbots are widely used as an agent to communicate with a human in some services such as booking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Endang Wahyu Pamungkas

Chatbots, the common moniker for collaborative assistants, are Artificial Intelligence (AI) software that enables people to naturally interact with them to get tasks done. Although chatbots have been studied since the dawn of AI, they have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Biplav Srivastava , Kausik Lakkaraju , Tarmo Koppel , Vignesh Narayanan , Ashish Kundu , Sachindra Joshi

Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have recently sky-rocketed in popularity and are now used in many applications, from car assistants to customer support. The development of conversational AI systems is supported by a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Johan Aronsson , Philip Lu , Daniel Strüber , Thorsten Berger

Autonomous intelligent agents are playing increasingly important roles in our lives. They contain information about us and start to perform tasks on our behalves. Chatbots are an example of such agents that need to engage in a complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Abeer Dyoub , Stefania Costantini , Francesca A. Lisi

AI chatbots are widely used by children and teens today, but they pose significant risks to youth's privacy and safety due to both increasingly personal conversations and potential exposure to unsafe content. While children under 13 are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Olivia Figueira , Pranathi Chamarthi , Tu Le , Athina Markopoulou

Text-based conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly used in mental health, yet evaluation practices remain fragmented. We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review (May-June 2024) across ACM Digital Library, Scopus, and PsycINFO. From…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jiangtao Gong , Xiao Wen , Fengyi Tao , Xinqi Wang , Xixi Yang , Yangrong Tang

Advances in artificial intelligence have facilitated the use of large language models (LLMs) and AI-generated synthetic media in education, which may inspire HCI researchers to develop technologies, in particular, embodied conversational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Zhixin Li , Ying Xu