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We perform optimal-control-theory calculations to determine the minimum number of two-qubit CNOT gates needed to perform quantum state preparation and unitary operator synthesis for few-qubit systems. By considering all possible gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Sahel Ashhab , Naoki Yamamoto , Fumiki Yoshihara , Kouichi Semba

The effective use of current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices is often limited by the noise which is caused by interaction with the environment and affects the fidelity of quantum gates. In transmon qubit systems, the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Elisha Siddiqui Matekole , Yao-Lung L. Fang , Meifeng Lin

Parametrised quantum circuits contain phase gates whose phase is determined by a classical algorithm prior to running the circuit on a quantum device. Such circuits are used in variational algorithms like QAOA and VQE. In order for these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 John van de Wetering , Richie Yeung , Tuomas Laakkonen , Aleks Kissinger

Quantum control refers to our ability to manipulate quantum systems. This tutorial-style chapter focuses on the use of classical electromagnetic fields to steer the system dynamics. In this approach, the quantum nature of the control stems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Christiane P. Koch

Near-term quantum computations are limited by high error rates, the scarcity of qubits and low qubit connectivity. Increasing support for mid-circuit measurements and qubit reset in near-term quantum computers enables qubit reuse that may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Sebastian Brandhofer , Ilia Polian , Kevin Krsulich

Many quantum algorithms make use of ancilla, additional qubits used to store temporary information during computation, to reduce the total execution time. Quantum computers will be resource-constrained for years to come so reducing ancilla…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-26 Jonathan M. Baker , Casey Duckering , Frederic T. Chong

The problem of automatically protecting a quantum system against noise in a closed circuit is analyzed. A general scheme is developed built from two steps. At first, a distillation step is induced in which undesired components are removed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Kallush , R. Kosloff

Emerging reinforcement learning techniques using deep neural networks have shown great promise in control optimization. They harness non-local regularities of noisy control trajectories and facilitate transfer learning between tasks. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Hartmut Neven

Accurate and efficient implementation of parallel quantum gates is crucial for scalable quantum information processing. However, the unavoidable crosstalk between qubits in current noisy processors impedes the achievement of high gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Xiaodong Yang , Ran Liu , Jun Li

Gradient-based optimization is a key ingredient of variational quantum algorithms, with applications ranging from quantum machine learning to quantum chemistry and simulation. The parameter-shift rule provides a hardware-friendly method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Leonardo Banchi , Dominic Branford , Chetan Waghela

Performing experiments on small-scale quantum computers is certainly a challenging endeavor. Many parameters need to be optimized to achieve high-fidelity operations. This can be done efficiently for operations acting on single qubits as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 M. Müller , A. Rivas , E. A. Martínez , D. Nigg , P. Schindler , T. Monz , R. Blatt , M. A. Martin-Delgado

We introduce a quantum control protocol that produces smooth, experimentally implementable control sequences optimized to combat temporally correlated noise for single qubit systems. The control ansatz is specifically chosen to be a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-30 Yasuo Oda , Dennis Lucarelli , Kevin Schultz , B. David Clader , Gregory Quiroz

Numerical optimization methods such as hillclimbing and simulated annealing have been applied to search for highly entangled multi-qubit states. Here the genetic algorithm is applied to this optimization problem -- to search not only for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-17 Zheyong Fan , Hugo de Garis , Ben Goertzel , Zhongzhou Ren , Huabi Zeng

Optimal control theory provides a framework for numerical discovery of device controls that implement quantum logic gates, but common objective functions used for optimization often assign arbitrarily high costs to otherwise useful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-07 Paul Kairys , Travis S. Humble

Quantum computers are a revolutionary class of computational platforms with applications in combinatorial and global optimization, machine learning, and other domains involving computationally hard problems. While these machines typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Aditya Sodhani , Keshab K. Parhi

Quantum computing is a rapidly expanding field with applications ranging from optimization all the way to complex machine learning tasks. Quantum memories, while lacking in practical quantum computers, have the potential to bring quantum…

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the popular quantum algorithms that are used to solve combinatorial optimization problems via approximations. QAOA is able to be evaluated on both physical and virtual quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 Yu-Cheng Lin , Chuan-Chi Wang , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

The execution of quantum circuits on real systems has largely been limited to those which are simply time-ordered sequences of unitary operations followed by a projective measurement. As hardware platforms for quantum computing continue to…

We propose nearly-optimal control strategies for changing states of a quantum system. We argue that quantum control optimization can be studied analytically within some protocol families that depend on a small set of parameters for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Chen Sun , Avadh Saxena , Nikolai A. Sinitsyn

We conduct a systematic study of quantum circuits composed of multiple-control $Z$-rotation (MCZR) gates as primitives, since they are widely-used components in quantum algorithms and also have attracted much experimental interest in recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Shihao Zhang , Junda Wu , Lvzhou Li
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