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Over the past decade, the continuous surge in cloud computing demand has intensified data center workloads, leading to significant carbon emissions and driving the need for improving their efficiency and sustainability. This paper focuses…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Enno Breukelman , Sophie Hall , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Florian Dörfler

The soaring energy demands of large-scale software ecosystems and cloud data centers, accelerated by the intensive training and deployment of large language models, have driven energy consumption and carbon footprint to unprecedented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jialin Yang , Zainab Saad , Jiajun Wu , Xiaoguang Niu , Henry Leung , Steve Drew

To meet the increasing demand for cloud computing services, the scale and number of data centers keeps increasing worldwide. This growth comes at the cost of increased electricity consumption, which directly correlates to CO2 emissions, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Matteo Zanotto , Leonardo Vicentini , Redi Vreto , Francesco Lumpp , Diego Braga , Sandro Fiore

The latest trends in the adoption of cloud, edge, and distributed computing, as well as a rise in applying AI/ML workloads, have created a need to measure, monitor, and reduce the carbon emissions of these compute-intensive workloads and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jacob Goldverg , Hasibul Jamil , Elvis Rodriguez , Tevfik Kosar

Data centers are significant contributors to carbon emissions and can strain power systems due to their high electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact and to participate in demand response programs, cloud computing companies strive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Francesco Micheli , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Ana Radovanović , Florian Dörfler

Data centers have become one of the major energy consumers, making their low-carbon operations critical to achieving global carbon neutrality. Although distributed data centers have the potential to reduce costs and emissions through…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Rui Xie , Yue Chen , Xi Weng

As datacenters continue to grow in scale, their energy consumption and resulting carbon footprint have become pressing concerns. With the increasing share of renewable energy in a datacenter's mixed energy supply, shifting task execution to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Dominik Schweisgut , Anne Benoit , Yves Robert , Henning Meyerhenke

Green computing represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the digital economy while maintaining technological progress. This article examines how sustainable IT strategies including energy-efficient hardware, AI-optimized data centres,…

Cloud platforms are increasing their emphasis on sustainability and reducing their operational carbon footprint. A common approach for reducing carbon emissions is to exploit the temporal flexibility inherent to many cloud workloads by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Walid A. Hanafy , Qianlin Liang , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

By providing unprecedented access to computational resources, cloud computing has enabled rapid growth in technologies such as machine learning, the computational demands of which incur a high energy cost and a commensurate carbon…

The timely delivery of resource-intensive and latency-sensitive services (e.g., industrial automation, augmented reality) over distributed computing networks (e.g., mobile edge computing) is drawing increasing attention. Motivated by the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Yang Cai , Jaime Llorca , Antonia M. Tulino , Andreas F. Molisch

Provisioning dynamic machine learning (ML) inference as a service for artificial intelligence (AI) applications of edge devices faces many challenges, including the trade-off among accuracy loss, carbon emission, and unknown future costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Huirong Ma , Zhi Zhou , Xiaoxi Zhang , Xu Chen

While the environmental impact of digitalization is becoming more and more evident, the climate crisis has become a major issue for society. For instance, data centers alone account for 2.7% of Europe's energy consumption today. A…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Henrik Claßen , Jonas Thierfeldt , Julian Tochman-Szewc , Philipp Wiesner , Odej Kao

Detailed scheduling has traditionally been optimized for the reduction of makespan and manufacturing costs. However, growing awareness of environmental concerns and increasingly stringent regulations are pushing manufacturing towards…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Andrea Mencaroni , Pieter Leyman , Birger Raa , Stijn De Vuyst , Dieter Claeys

This paper presents a carbon-energy coupling management framework for an industrial park, where the carbon flow model accompanying multi-energy flows is adopted to track and suppress carbon emissions on the user side. To deal with the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-21 Dafeng Zhu , Bo Yang , Yu Wu , Haoran Deng , Zhaoyang Dong , Kai Ma , Xinping Guan

To improve the environmental implications of the growing demand of computing, future applications need to improve the carbon-efficiency of computing infrastructures. State-of-the-art approaches, however, do not consider the intermittent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Young Geun Kim , Udit Gupta , Andrew McCrabb , Yonglak Son , Valeria Bertacco , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

Computing is at a moment of profound opportunity. Emerging applications -- such as capable artificial intelligence, immersive virtual realities, and pervasive sensor systems -- drive unprecedented demand for computer. Despite recent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Benjamin C. Lee , David Brooks , Arthur van Benthem , Udit Gupta , Gage Hills , Vincent Liu , Benjamin Pierce , Christopher Stewart , Emma Strubell , Gu-Yeon Wei , Adam Wierman , Yuan Yao , Minlan Yu

Accelerating computing demand, largely from AI applications, has led to concerns about its carbon footprint. Fortunately, a significant fraction of computing demand comes from batch jobs that are often delay-tolerant and elastic, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Walid A. Hanafy , Li Wu , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Depending on energy sources and demand, the carbon intensity of the public power grid fluctuates over time. Exploiting this variability is an important factor in reducing the emissions caused by data centers. However, regional differences…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Philipp Wiesner , Ilja Behnke , Dominik Scheinert , Kordian Gontarska , Lauritz Thamsen

The use of High Performance Computing (HPC) in commercial and consumer IT applications is becoming popular. They need the ability to gain rapid and scalable access to high-end computing capabilities. Cloud computing promises to deliver such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2009-09-08 Saurabh Kumar Garg , Chee Shin Yeo , Arun Anandasivam , Rajkumar Buyya
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