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The eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) research predominantly concentrates to provide explainations about AI model decisions, especially Deep Learning (DL) models. However, there is a growing interest in using XAI techniques to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Andrea Apicella , Salvatore Giugliano , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete

Machine learning is an essential tool for optimizing industrial quality control processes. However, the complexity of machine learning models often limits their practical applicability due to a lack of interpretability. Additionally, many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Georg Rottenwalter , Marcel Tilly , Victor Owolabi

Conditional Feature Importance (CFI) is a classical variable importance measure that accounts for the relationship between the studied feature and the others. However, CFI has not yet been studied from a theoretical perspective because the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Angel Reyero-Lobo , Pierre Neuvial , Bertrand Thirion

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often an integral part of modern decision support systems. The best-performing predictive models used in AI-based decision support systems lack transparency. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Tuwe Löfström , Helena Löfström , Ulf Johansson , Cecilia Sönströd , Rudy Matela

Semantic segmentation models have two fundamental weaknesses: i) they require large training sets with costly pixel-level annotations, and ii) they have a static output space, constrained to the classes of the training set. Toward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Fabio Cermelli , Massimiliano Mancini , Yongqin Xian , Zeynep Akata , Barbara Caputo

As AI becomes a native component of 6G network control, AI models must adapt to continuously changing conditions, including the introduction of new features and measurements driven by multi-vendor deployments, hardware upgrades, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yannis Belkhiter , Seshu Tirupathi , Giulio Zizzo , Merim Dzaferagic , John D. Kelleher

A central goal of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to assign relative importance to the features of a Machine Learning (ML) model given some prediction. The importance of this task of explainability by feature attribution is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Olivier Letoffe , Xuanxiang Huang , Nicholas Asher , Joao Marques-Silva

The field of 'explainable' artificial intelligence (XAI) has produced highly cited methods that seek to make the decisions of complex machine learning (ML) methods 'understandable' to humans, for example by attributing 'importance' scores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Benedict Clark , Rick Wilming , Stefan Haufe

This paper proposes a method for measuring conditional feature importance via generative modeling. In explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), conditional feature importance assesses the impact of a feature on a prediction model's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Kristin Blesch , Niklas Koenen , Jan Kapar , Pegah Golchian , Lukas Burk , Markus Loecher , Marvin N. Wright

Recent years have witnessed the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and machine learning (ML) models. Despite their tremendous success, a number of vital problems like ML model brittleness, their fairness, and the lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Jinqiang Yu , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey

We propose the conditional predictive impact (CPI), a consistent and unbiased estimator of the association between one or several features and a given outcome, conditional on a reduced feature set. Building on the knockoff framework of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-14 David S. Watson , Marvin N. Wright

In many real tasks the features are evolving, with some features being vanished and some other features augmented. For example, in environment monitoring some sensors expired whereas some new ones deployed; in mobile game recommendation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Chenping Hou , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Database research can help machine learning performance in many ways. One way is to design better data structures. This paper combines the use of incremental computation and sequential and probabilistic filtering to enable "forgetful"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Zhehu Yuan , Yinqi Sun , Dennis Shasha

Missing feature values are a significant hurdle for downstream machine-learning tasks such as classification. However, imputation methods for classification might be time-consuming for high-dimensional data, and offer few theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Rahul Bordoloi , Clémence Réda , Saptarshi Bej , Olaf Wolkenhauer

Deep Learning approaches have brought solutions, with impressive performance, to general classification problems where wealthy of annotated data are provided for training. In contrast, less progress has been made in continual learning of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Eric Lopez-Lopez , Carlos V. Regueiro , Xose M. Pardo

Explainable AI (XAI) methods are frequently applied to obtain qualitative insights about deep models' predictions. However, such insights need to be interpreted by a human observer to be useful. In this paper, we aim to use explanations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Sunsheng Gu , Vahdat Abdelzad , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Predictable Feature Analysis (PFA) (Richthofer, Wiskott, ICMLA 2015) is an algorithm that performs dimensionality reduction on high dimensional input signal. It extracts those subsignals that are most predictable according to a certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Stefan Richthofer , Laurenz Wiskott

This paper develops an incremental learning algorithm based on quadratic inference function (QIF) to analyze streaming datasets with correlated outcomes such as longitudinal data and clustered data. We propose a renewable QIF (RenewQIF)…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-01 Lan Luo , Ling Zhou , Peter X. -K. Song

Standard hybrid learners that use domain knowledge require stronger knowledge that is hard and expensive to acquire. However, weaker domain knowledge can benefit from prior knowledge while being cost effective. Weak knowledge in the form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-06-04 Ridwan Al Iqbal

Tabular data sets with varying missing values are prepared for machine learning using an arbitrary imputation strategy. Synthetic values generated by imputation models often raise concerns regarding data quality and the reliability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Manar D. Samad , Kazi Fuad B. Akhter , Shourav B. Rabbani , Ibna Kowsar