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Related papers: Do Large Language Models know what humans know?

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Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

In day-to-day communication, people often approximate the truth - for example, rounding the time or omitting details - in order to be maximally helpful to the listener. How do large language models (LLMs) handle such nuanced trade-offs? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ryan Liu , Theodore R. Sumers , Ishita Dasgupta , Thomas L. Griffiths

Progress in natural language generation research has been shaped by the ever-growing size of language models. While large language models pre-trained on web data can generate human-sounding text, they also reproduce social biases and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Celine Wald , Lukas Pfahler

When people think of everyday things like an egg, they typically have a mental image associated with it. This allows them to correctly judge, for example, that "the yolk surrounds the shell" is a false statement. Do language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Yuling Gu , Bhavana Dalvi Mishra , Peter Clark

Knowing the reliability of a model's response is essential in practical applications. Given the strong generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs), research has focused on generating verbalized confidence. This approach is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ante Wang , Weizhi Ma , Yang Liu

The question of whether large language models (LLMs) possess Theory of Mind (ToM) -- often defined as the ability to reason about others' mental states -- has sparked significant scientific and public interest. However, the evidence as to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jennifer Hu , Felix Sosa , Tomer Ullman

We propose and explore the possibility that language models can be studied as effective proxies for specific human sub-populations in social science research. Practical and research applications of artificial intelligence tools have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Lisa P. Argyle , Ethan C. Busby , Nancy Fulda , Joshua Gubler , Christopher Rytting , David Wingate

We propose an alternate approach to quantifying how well language models learn natural language: we ask how well they match the statistical tendencies of natural language. To answer this question, we analyze whether text generated from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Clara Meister , Ryan Cotterell

The prevalence of unwarranted beliefs, spanning pseudoscience, logical fallacies, and conspiracy theories, presents substantial societal hurdles and the risk of disseminating misinformation. Utilizing established psychometric assessments,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Sowmya S Sundaram , Balaji Alwar

Words of estimative probability (WEPs), such as ''maybe'' or ''probably not'' are ubiquitous in natural language for communicating estimative uncertainty, compared with direct statements involving numerical probability. Human estimative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Zhisheng Tang , Ke Shen , Mayank Kejriwal

When a student fails an exam, do we tend to blame their effort or the test's difficulty? Attribution, defined as how reasons are assigned to event outcomes, shapes perceptions, reinforces stereotypes, and influences decisions. Attribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Chahat Raj , Mahika Banerjee , Jinhao Pan , Aylin Caliskan , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Ziwei Zhu

With the release of ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) the discussion about the intelligence, possibilities, and risks, of current and future models have seen large attention. This discussion included much debated scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Nils Körber , Silvan Wehrli , Christopher Irrgang

Human word associations are a well-known method of gaining insight into the internal mental lexicon, but the responses spontaneously offered by human participants to word cues are not always predictable as they may be influenced by personal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Špela Vintar , Jan Jona Javoršek

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes settings where good decisions require forming beliefs over the probability of unknown outcomes. However, it is unclear whether LLMs act as if they hold coherent beliefs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khurram Yamin , Jingjing Tang , Santiago Cortes-Gomez , Amit Sharma , Eric Horvitz , Bryan Wilder

We investigate the phenomenon of an LLM's untruthful response using a large set of 220 handcrafted linguistic features. We focus on GPT-3 models and find that the linguistic profiles of responses are similar across model sizes. That is, how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Bruce W. Lee , Benedict Florance Arockiaraj , Helen Jin

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) underscores the urgent need to ensure their fairness. However, LLMs frequently present dominant viewpoints while ignoring alternative perspectives from minority parties, resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Tianlin Li , Xiaoyu Zhang , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Qian Liu , Qing Guo , Chao Shen , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-like capabilities in language comprehension and generation, becoming active participants in social and cognitive domains. This study investigates whether LLMs exhibit personality-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Wang Jiaqi , Wang bo , Guo fa , Cheng cheng , Yang li

Language understanding is a multi-faceted cognitive capability, which the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community has striven to model computationally for decades. Traditionally, facets of linguistic intelligence have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Robert Litschko , Max Müller-Eberstein , Rob van der Goot , Leon Weber , Barbara Plank

Human users increasingly communicate with large language models (LLMs), but LLMs suffer from frequent overconfidence in their output, even when its accuracy is questionable, which undermines their trustworthiness and perceived legitimacy.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Dennis Ulmer , Alexandra Lorson , Ivan Titov , Christian Hardmeier

Previous work has shown correlations between the hidden states of large language models and fMRI brain responses, on language tasks. These correlations have been taken as evidence of the representational similarity of these models and brain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Iñigo Parra