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Spear Phishing is a harmful cyber-attack facing business and individuals worldwide. Considerable research has been conducted recently into the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to detect spear-phishing emails. ML-based solutions may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Keelan Evans , Alsharif Abuadbba , Tingmin Wu , Kristen Moore , Mohiuddin Ahmed , Ganna Pogrebna , Surya Nepal , Mike Johnstone

Phishing is a semantic attack which targets the user rather than the computer. It is a new Internet crime in comparison with other forms such as virus and hacking. Considering the damage phishing websites has caused to various economies by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Nancy C. Woods , Virtue Ene Agada , Adebola K. Ojo

Phishing is a well-known cybersecurity attack that has rapidly increased in recent years. It poses legitimate risks to businesses, government agencies, and all users due to sensitive data breaches, subsequent financial and productivity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Andrew Kim , Zachary Tingle , Christena Nippert-Eng

Machine learning and deep learning algorithms can be used to classify encrypted Internet traffic. Classification of encrypted traffic can become more challenging in the presence of adversarial attacks that target the learning algorithms. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Ramy Maarouf , Danish Sattar , Ashraf Matrawy

In a spoofing attack, an attacker impersonates a legitimate user to access or tamper with data intended for or produced by the legitimate user. In wireless communication systems, these attacks may be detected by relying on features of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Daniel Romero , Peter Gerstoft , Hadi Givehchian , Dinesh Bharadia

Phishing is an online identity theft that aims to steal sensitive information such as username, password and online banking details from its victims. Phishing education needs to be considered as a means to combat this threat. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-11-12 Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Web-fraud is one of the most unpleasant features of today's Internet. Two well-known examples of fraudulent activities on the web are phishing and typosquatting. Their effects range from relatively benign (such as unwanted ads) to downright…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Mishari Al Mishari , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Karim El Defrawy , Gene Tsudik

Machine learning progress is advancing the detection of malicious URLs. However, advanced Transformers applied to URLs face difficulties in extracting local information, character-level details, and structural relationships. To address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Ruitong Liu , Yanbin Wang , Zhenhao Guo , Haitao Xu , Zhan Qin , Wenrui Ma , Fan Zhang

The web is experiencing an explosive growth in the last years. New technologies are introduced at a very fast-pace with the aim of narrowing the gap between web-based applications and traditional desktop applications. The results are web…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-07-14 Alfredo De Santis , Giancarlo De Maio , Umberto Ferraro Petrillo

Modern phishing campaigns increasingly evade snapshot-based URL classifiers using interaction gates (e.g., checkbox/slider challenges), delayed content rendering, and logo-less credential harvesters. This shifts URL triage from static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Haolin Zhang , William Reber , Yuxuan Zhang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

Phishing remains a pervasive cyber threat, as attackers craft deceptive emails to lure victims into revealing sensitive information. While Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular, deep learning, has become a key component in defending…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Shuo Wang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Carsten Rudolph

Network evasion detection aims to distinguish whether the network flow comes from link layer exists network evasion threat, which is a means to disguise the data traffic on detection system by confusing the signature. Since the previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kehua Chen , Jingping Jia

Enterprise security is increasingly being threatened by social engineering attacks, such as phishing, which deceive employees into giving access to enterprise data. To protect both the users themselves and enterprise data, more and more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Mithün Paul , Genevieve Bartlett , Jelena Mirkovic , Marjorie Freedman

The increasing sophistication of encryption-based ransomware has demanded innovative approaches to detection and mitigation, prompting the development of a hierarchical framework grounded in probabilistic cryptographic analysis. By focusing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kevin Pekepok , Persephone Kirkwood , Esme Christopolous , Florence Braithwaite , Oliver Nightingale

Phishing email is a serious cyber threat that tries to deceive users by sending false emails with the intention of stealing confidential information or causing financial harm. Attackers, often posing as trustworthy entities, exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Mohammad Amaz Uddin , Md Mahiuddin , Iqbal H. Sarker

Protecting users from accessing malicious web sites is one of the important management tasks for network operators. There are many open-source and commercial products to control web sites users can access. The most traditional approach is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Keiichi Shima , Daisuke Miyamoto , Hiroshi Abe , Tomohiro Ishihara , Kazuya Okada , Yuji Sekiya , Hirochika Asai , Yusuke Doi

In security-sensitive applications, the success of machine learning depends on a thorough vetting of their resistance to adversarial data. In one pertinent, well-motivated attack scenario, an adversary may attempt to evade a deployed system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Battista Biggio , Igino Corona , Davide Maiorca , Blaine Nelson , Nedim Srndic , Pavel Laskov , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

In a spoofing attack, a malicious actor impersonates a legitimate user to access or manipulate data without authorization. The vulnerability of cryptographic security mechanisms to compromised user credentials motivates spoofing attack…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Tien Ngoc Ha , Daniel Romero

Security exploits can include cyber threats such as computer programs that can disturb the normal behavior of computer systems (viruses), unsolicited e-mail (spam), malicious software (malware), monitoring software (spyware), attempting to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-26 Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Mumtaz Abdul Hameed

Cyber attacks are growing in frequency and severity. Over the past year alone we have witnessed massive data breaches that stole personal information of millions of people and wide-scale ransomware attacks that paralyzed critical…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Palash Goyal , KSM Tozammel Hossain , Ashok Deb , Nazgol Tavabi , Nathan Bartley , Andr'es Abeliuk , Emilio Ferrara , Kristina Lerman