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We aim at providing a foundation of a theory of "good" SAT representations F of boolean functions f. We argue that the hierarchy UC_k of unit-refutation complete clause-sets of level k, introduced by the authors, provides the most basic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-05-13 Matthew Gwynne , Oliver Kullmann

Previous efforts on making Satisfiability (SAT) solving fit for high performance computing (HPC) have lead to super-linear speedups on particular formulae, but for most inputs cannot make efficient use of a large number of processors.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Dominik Schreiber , Peter Sanders

Several recent Transformer architectures expose later layers to representations computed in the earliest layers, motivated by the observation that low-level features can become harder to recover as the residual stream is repeatedly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Skye Gunasekaran , Téa Wright , Rui-Jie Zhu , Jason Eshraghian

All-Solution Satisfiability (AllSAT) and its extension, All-Solution Satisfiability Modulo Theories (AllSMT), have become more relevant in recent years, mainly in formal verification and artificial intelligence applications. The goal of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giuseppe Spallitta , Roberto Sebastiani , Armin Biere

Sortformer is an encoder-based speaker diarization model designed for supervising speaker tagging in speech-to-text models. Instead of relying solely on permutation invariant loss (PIL), Sortformer introduces Sort Loss to resolve the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Taejin Park , Ivan Medennikov , Kunal Dhawan , Weiqing Wang , He Huang , Nithin Rao Koluguri , Krishna C. Puvvada , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

We define the concept of a monotonic theory and show how to build efficient SMT (SAT Modulo Theory) solvers, including effective theory propagation and clause learning, for such theories. We present examples showing that monotonic theories…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-06-03 Sam Bayless , Noah Bayless , Holger H. Hoos , Alan J. Hu

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem, the first problem proven to be NP-complete, has become a fundamental challenge in computational complexity, with widespread applications in optimization and verification across many domains. Despite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Curie Kim , Carsten Portner , Mingju Liu , Steve Dai , Haoxing Ren , Brucek Khailany , Alvaro Velasquez , Ismail Alkhouri , Cunxi Yu

The Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem with Power Peak Minimization (SALBP-3PM) minimizes maximum instantaneous power usage while assigning $n$ tasks to $m$ workstations and determining execution schedules within given cycle time…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Tuyen Van Kieu , Phong Chi Nguyen , Bao Gia Hoang , Khanh Van To

Transformer models have achieved promising performances in point cloud segmentation. However, most existing attention schemes provide the same feature learning paradigm for all points equally and overlook the enormous difference in size…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Junjie Zhou , Yongping Xiong , Chinwai Chiu , Fangyu Liu , Xiangyang Gong

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success across language, vision, and multimodal tasks, and there is growing demand for them to address in-context compositional learning tasks. In these tasks, models solve the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Chen , Jingxi Yu , Zichen Miao , Qiang Qiu

The classification problem of structured data can be solved with different strategies: a supervised learning approach, starting from a labeled training set, and an unsupervised learning one, where only the structure of the patterns in the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-11-09 Mauro Pastore

Fault injection attacks represent a type of active, physical attack against cryptographic circuits. Various countermeasures have been proposed to thwart such attacks, the design and implementation of which are, however, intricate,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Huiyu Tan , Pengfei Gao , Taolue Chen , Fu Song , Zhilin Wu

We present a Transformer-based framework for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). CSPs find use in many applications and thus accelerating their solution with machine learning is of wide interest. Most existing approaches rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yudong W. Xu , Wenhao Li , Scott Sanner , Elias B. Khalil

This paper describes a novel unbounded software model checking approach to find errors in programs written in the C language based on incremental SAT-solving. Instead of using the traditional assumption based API to incremental SAT solvers…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Marko Kleine Büning , Tomas Balyo , Carsten Sinz

Foundational optimization embeddings have recently emerged as powerful pre-trained representations for mixed-integer programming (MIP) problems. These embeddings were shown to enable cross-domain transfer and reduce reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Koyena Pal , Serdar Kadioglu

The SAT attack has shown to be efficient against most combinational logic encryption methods. It can be extended to attack sequential logic encryption techniques by leveraging circuit unrolling and model checking methods. However, with no…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Yinghua Hu , Yuke Zhang , Kaixin Yang , Dake Chen , Peter A. Beerel , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Efficient solutions to NP-complete problems would significantly benefit both science and industry. However, such problems are intractable on digital computers based on the von Neumann architecture, thus creating the need for alternative…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Xunzhao Yin , Behnam Sedighi , Melinda Varga , Maria Ercsey-Ravasz , Zoltan Toroczkai , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

This paper studies the fast adaptive beamforming for the multiuser multiple-input single-output downlink. Existing deep learning-based approaches assume that training and testing channels follow the same distribution which causes task…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Juping Zhang , Yi Yuan , Gan Zheng , Ioannis Krikidis , Kai-Kit Wong

This paper describes diff-SAT, an Answer Set and SAT solver which combines regular solving with the capability to use probabilistic clauses, facts and rules, and to sample an optimal world-view (multiset of satisfying Boolean variable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Matthias Nickles

Despite their sophisticated heuristics, boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers are still vulnerable to symmetry, causing them to visit search regions that are symmetric to ones already explored. While symmetry handling is routine in other…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Markus Anders , Cayden Codel , Marijn J. H. Heule
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