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As machine learning powered decision-making becomes increasingly important in our daily lives, it is imperative to strive for fairness in the underlying data processing. We propose a pre-processing algorithm for fair data representation via…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-27 Shizhou Xu , Thomas Strohmer

Fairness in machine learning has received considerable attention. However, most studies on fair learning focus on either supervised learning or unsupervised learning. Very few consider semi-supervised settings. Yet, in reality, most machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Tao Zhang , Tianqing Zhu , Mengde Han , Jing Li , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Group fairness is a central research topic in text classification, where reaching fair treatment between sensitive groups (e.g., women and men) remains an open challenge. We propose an approach that extends the use of the Wasserstein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Thibaud Leteno , Michael Perrot , Charlotte Laclau , Antoine Gourru , Christophe Gravier

Demographic parity (DP) is a widely used group fairness criterion requiring predictive distributions to be invariant across sensitive groups. While natural in classification, full distributional DP is often overly restrictive in regression…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-27 Arthur Charpentier , Christophe Denis , Romuald Elie , Mohamed Hebiri , François HU

Learning a fair predictive model is crucial to mitigate biased decisions against minority groups in high-stakes applications. A common approach to learn such a model involves solving an optimization problem that maximizes the predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Abhin Shah , Maohao Shen , Jongha Jon Ryu , Subhro Das , Prasanna Sattigeri , Yuheng Bu , Gregory W. Wornell

Statistical algorithms are usually helping in making decisions in many aspects of our lives. But, how do we know if these algorithms are biased and commit unfair discrimination of a particular group of people, typically a minority?…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-19 Eustasio del Barrio , Fabrice Gamboa , Paula Gordaliza , Jean-Michel Loubes

The biases and discrimination of machine learning algorithms have attracted significant attention, leading to the development of various algorithms tailored to specific contexts. However, these solutions often fall short of addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yinghui Huang , Zihao Tang , Xiangyu Chang

Effective machine learning models can automatically learn useful information from a large quantity of data and provide decisions in a high accuracy. These models may, however, lead to unfair predictions in certain sense among the population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Mingliang Chen , Min Wu

We study the problem of fair binary classification using the notion of Equal Opportunity. It requires the true positive rate to distribute equally across the sensitive groups. Within this setting we show that the fair optimal classifier is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-05 Evgenii Chzhen , Christophe Denis , Mohamed Hebiri , Luca Oneto , Massimiliano Pontil

We study fairness in classification, where individuals are classified, e.g., admitted to a university, and the goal is to prevent discrimination against individuals based on their membership in some group, while maintaining utility for the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-30 Cynthia Dwork , Moritz Hardt , Toniann Pitassi , Omer Reingold , Rich Zemel

The fair-ranking problem, which asks to rank a given set of items to maximize utility subject to group fairness constraints, has received attention in the fairness, information retrieval, and machine learning literature. Recent works,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Anay Mehrotra , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

The clustering problem, and more generally, latent factor discovery --or latent space inference-- is formulated in terms of the Wasserstein barycenter problem from optimal transport. The objective proposed is the maximization of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Hongkang Yang , Esteban G. Tabak

Algorithmic fairness involves expressing notions such as equity, or reasonable treatment, as quantifiable measures that a machine learning algorithm can optimise. Most work in the literature to date has focused on classification problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Daniel Steinberg , Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan

Developing classification algorithms that are fair with respect to sensitive attributes of the data has become an important problem due to the growing deployment of classification algorithms in various social contexts. Several recent works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 L. Elisa Celis , Lingxiao Huang , Vijay Keswani , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Binary classification based on predicted probabilities (scores) is a fundamental task in supervised machine learning. While thresholding scores is Bayes-optimal in the unconstrained setting, using a single threshold generally violates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Etam Benger , Katrina Ligett

As an important problem in modern data analytics, classification has witnessed varieties of applications from different domains. Different from conventional classification approaches, fair classification concerns the issues of unintentional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-25 Qing Ye , Weijun Xie

Algorithmic fairness has become a central topic in machine learning, and mitigating disparities across different subpopulations has emerged as a rapidly growing research area. In this paper, we systematically study the classification of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-15 Xiaoyu Hu , Gengyu Xue , Zhenhua Lin , Yi Yu

Fairness concerns are increasingly critical as machine learning models are deployed in high-stakes applications. While existing fairness-aware methods typically intervene at the model level, they often suffer from high computational costs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yixuan Zhang , Jiabin Luo , Zhenggang Wang , Feng Zhou , Quyu Kong

New social and economic activities massively exploit big data and machine learning algorithms to do inference on people's lives. Applications include automatic curricula evaluation, wage determination, and risk assessment for credits and…

The most prevalent notions of fairness in machine learning are statistical definitions: they fix a small collection of pre-defined groups, and then ask for parity of some statistic of the classifier across these groups. Constraints of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Michael Kearns , Seth Neel , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu