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In the paper, a gradient-free optimization algorithm for single-qubit quantum classifier is proposed to overcome the effects of barren plateau caused by quantum devices. A rotation gate RX({\phi}) is applied on a single-qubit binary quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Anqi Zhang , Xiaoyun He , Shengmei Zhao

Variational quantum computing offers a powerful framework with applications across diverse fields such as quantum chemistry, machine learning, and optimization. However, its scalability is hindered by the exponential concentration of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-05 Giulio Crognaletti , Michele Grossi , Angelo Bassi

We present several results relating to the contraction of generic tensor networks and discuss their application to the simulation of quantum many-body systems using variational approaches based upon tensor network states. Given a closed…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-12-25 Glen Evenbly , Robert N. C. Pfeifer

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a leading paradigm in near-term quantum computing, yet their performance can be hindered by the so-called barren plateau problem, where gradients vanish exponentially with system size or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Yifeng Peng , Xinyi Li , Zhemin Zhang , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Zhiding Liang , Ying Wang

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) hold great potentials for near-term applications and are promising to achieve quantum advantage on practical tasks. However, VQAs suffer from severe barren plateau problem as well as have a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Shuo Liu , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shao-Kai Jian , Hong Yao

We propose an algorithm for variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to optimize the structure of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) efficiently. The algorithm optimizes the PQC structure on-the-fly in VQA by sequentially replacing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Kaito Wada , Rudy Raymond , Yuki Sato , Hiroshi C. Watanabe

A key bottleneck in quantum machine learning is the computational cost of repeated quantum circuit evaluations during the inference phase. To address this, we present a framework for constructing fast, cheap, provably accurate classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Sreeraj Rajindran Nair , Christopher Ferrie

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) hold much promise but face the challenge of exponentially small gradients. Unmitigated, this barren plateau (BP) phenomenon leads to an exponential training overhead for VQAs. Perhaps the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 P. Singkanipa , D. A. Lidar

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are leading strategies for using near-term quantum devices, with a well-studied bottleneck being their trainability. Standard expectation-value objectives with expressive circuits frequently encounter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yixian Qiu , Josep Lumbreras , Xiufan Li , Patrick Rebentrost

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which classically optimize a parametrized quantum circuit to solve a computational task, promise to advance our understanding of quantum many-body systems and improve machine learning algorithms using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-09 Roeland Wiersema , Cunlu Zhou , Juan Felipe Carrasquilla , Yong Baek Kim

We develop an adaptive method for quantum state preparation that utilizes randomness as an essential component and that does not require classical optimization. Instead, a cost function is minimized to prepare a desired quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Alicia B. Magann , Sophia E. Economou , Christian Arenz

Quantum architecture search (QAS) involves optimizing both the quantum parametric circuit configuration but also its parameters for a variational quantum algorithm. Thus, the problem is known to be multi-level as the performance of a given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Vicente P. Soloviev , Vedran Dunjko , Concha Bielza , Pedro Larrañaga , Hao Wang

Motivated by realistic hardware considerations of the pre-fault-tolerant era, we comprehensively study the impact of uncorrected noise on quantum circuits. We first show that any noise `truncates' most quantum circuits to effectively…

We argue that an excess in entanglement between the visible and hidden units in a Quantum Neural Network can hinder learning. In particular, we show that quantum neural networks that satisfy a volume-law in the entanglement entropy will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-11 Carlos Ortiz Marrero , Mária Kieferová , Nathan Wiebe

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have emerged as a foundational element in the development and applications of quantum algorithms. However, when initialized with random parameter values, PQCs often exhibit barren plateaus (BP). These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Rashid , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muhammad Shafique

Barren plateaus are fundamentally a statement about quantum loss landscapes on average but there can, and generally will, exist patches of barren plateau landscapes with substantial gradients. Previous work has studied certain classes of…

We prove the existence of barren plateaus in variational quantum algorithms using linear optics with either bosonic or fermionic particles and demonstrate that fermionic linear optics is less susceptible to the barren plateau problem. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Matthew D. Horner

Continuous tensor networks are variational wavefunctions proposed in recent years to efficiently simulate quantum field theories (QFTs). Prominent examples include the continuous matrix product state (cMPS) and the continuous multi-scale…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-06-12 Yijian Zou , Martin Ganahl , Guifre Vidal

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) represent a promising approach to utilizing current quantum computing infrastructures. VQAs are based on a parameterized quantum circuit optimized in a closed loop via a classical algorithm. This hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 David Fitzek , Robert S. Jonsson , Werner Dobrautz , Christian Schäfer

We propose a quantum algorithm, inspired by ADAPT-VQE, to variationally prepare the ground state of a quantum Hamiltonian, with the desirable property that if it fails to find the ground state, it still yields a physically meaningful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Shuchen Zhu , Yu Tong
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