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We investigate the computational complexity of various problems for simple recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as formal models for recognizing weighted languages. We focus on the single-layer, ReLU-activation, rational-weight RNNs with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Yining Chen , Sorcha Gilroy , Andreas Maletti , Jonathan May , Kevin Knight

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) have obtained excellent result in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, understanding and interpreting the source of this success remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose Recurrent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Ke Tran , Arianna Bisazza , Christof Monz

In recent years the field of neuromorphic low-power systems that consume orders of magnitude less power gained significant momentum. However, their wider use is still hindered by the lack of algorithms that can harness the strengths of such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Peter U. Diehl , Guido Zarrella , Andrew Cassidy , Bruno U. Pedroni , Emre Neftci

Several variants of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with orthogonal or unitary recurrent matrices have recently been developed to mitigate the vanishing/exploding gradient problem and to model long-term dependencies of sequences. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Kyle Helfrich , Qiang Ye

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) offer fast inference on long sequences but are hard to optimize and slow to train. Deep state-space models (SSMs) have recently been shown to perform remarkably well on long sequence modeling tasks, and have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Antonio Orvieto , Samuel L Smith , Albert Gu , Anushan Fernando , Caglar Gulcehre , Razvan Pascanu , Soham De

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are powerful architectures to model sequential data, due to their capability to learn short and long-term dependencies between the basic elements of a sequence. Nonetheless, popular tasks such as speech or…

As a successful deep model applied in image super-resolution (SR), the Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN) has demonstrated superior performance to the previous hand-crafted models either in speed and restoration quality.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Chao Dong , Chen Change Loy , Xiaoou Tang

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) such as Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks have become popular in a variety of applications such as image processing, data classification, speech recognition, and as controllers in autonomous systems. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Sara Mohammadinejad , Brandon Paulsen , Chao Wang , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are state-of-the-art in voice awareness/understanding and speech recognition. On-device computation of RNNs on low-power mobile and wearable devices would be key to applications such as zero-latency…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Francesco Conti , Lukas Cavigelli , Gianna Paulin , Igor Susmelj , Luca Benini

Implementing AI algorithms on event-based embedded devices enables real-time processing of data, minimizes latency, and enhances power efficiency in edge computing. This research explores the deployment of a spiking recurrent neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Marzieh Hassanshahi Varposhti , Mahyar Shahsavari , Marcel van Gerven

Inspired by the principles of speed reading, we introduce Skim-RNN, a recurrent neural network (RNN) that dynamically decides to update only a small fraction of the hidden state for relatively unimportant input tokens. Skim-RNN gives…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Minjoon Seo , Sewon Min , Ali Farhadi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

This review aims to conduct a comparative analysis of liquid neural networks (LNNs) and traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and their variants, such as long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and gated recurrent units (GRUs). The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shilong Zong , Alex Bierly , Almuatazbellah Boker , Hoda Eldardiry

We present Recurrent Drafter (ReDrafter), an advanced speculative decoding approach that achieves state-of-the-art speedup for large language models (LLMs) inference. The performance gains are driven by three key aspects: (1) leveraging a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yunfei Cheng , Aonan Zhang , Xuanyu Zhang , Chong Wang , Yi Wang

Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has been successfully applied in many sequence learning problems. Such as handwriting recognition, image description, natural language processing and video motion analysis. After years of development,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Guoqiang Zhong , Guohua Yue , Xiao Ling

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a key technology for emerging applications such as automatic speech recognition, machine translation or image description. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks are the most successful RNN…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Franyell Silfa , Gem Dot , Jose-Maria Arnau , Antonio Gonzalez

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a class of machine learning algorithms used for applications with time-series and sequential data. Recently, there has been a strong interest in executing RNNs on embedded devices. However, difficulties…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Nesma M. Rezk , Madhura Purnaprajna , Tomas Nordström , Zain Ul-Abdin

Recurrent Neural Network Language Models (RNNLMs) have started to be used in various fields of speech recognition due to their outstanding performance. However, the high computational complexity of RNNLMs has been a hurdle in applying the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Kyungmin Lee , Chiyoun Park , Ilhwan Kim , Namhoon Kim , Jaewon Lee

Photonic computing has emerged as a promising substrate for accelerating the dense linear-algebra operations at the heart of AI, yet adoption for large Transformer models remains in its infancy. We identify two bottlenecks: (1) costly…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hanqing Zhu , Zhican Zhou , Shupeng Ning , Xuhao Wu , Ray Chen , Yating Wan , David Pan

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are widely used for learning sequences in applications such as EEG classification. Complex RNNs could be hardly deployed on wearable devices due to their computation and memory-intensive processing patterns.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-21 Seyed Ahmad Mirsalari , Sima Sinaei , Mostafa E. Salehi , Masoud Daneshtalab

Neural networks have demonstrated their outstanding performance in a wide range of tasks. Specifically recurrent architectures based on long-short term memory (LSTM) cells have manifested excellent capability to model time dependencies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Martin Ferianc , Zhiqiang Que , Hongxiang Fan , Wayne Luk , Miguel Rodrigues