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False discovery rate (FDR) is commonly used for correction for multiple testing in neuroimaging studies. However, when using two-tailed tests, making directional inferences about the results can lead to a vastly inflated error rate, even…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-16 Anderson M. Winkler , Paul A. Taylor , Thomas E. Nichols , Chris Rorden

Epigenetics plays a crucial role in understanding the underlying molecular processes of several types of cancer as well as the determination of innovative therapeutic tools. To investigate the complex interplay between genetics and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-29 Iris Ivy Gauran , Patrick Wincy Reyes , Erniel Barrios , Hernando Ombao

Inequalities are key tools to prove FDR control of a multiple test. The present paper studies upper and lower bounds for the FDR under various dependence structures of p-values, namely independence, reverse martingale dependence and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-18 Philipp Heesen , Arnold Janssen

Controlling False Discovery Rate (FDR) while leveraging the side information of multiple hypothesis testing is an emerging research topic in modern data science. Existing methods rely on the test-level covariates while ignoring metrics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-10 Lin Qiu , Nils Murrugarra-Llerena , Vítor Silva , Lin Lin , Vernon M. Chinchilli

Controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) in high-dimensional variable selection requires balancing rigorous error control with statistical power. Existing methods with provable guarantees are often overly conservative, creating a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-06 Arnau Vilella , Jasin Machkour , Michael Muma , Daniel P. Palomar

Multiple hypothesis testing is a fundamental problem in high dimensional inference, with wide applications in many scientific fields. In genome-wide association studies, tens of thousands of tests are performed simultaneously to find if any…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-11-16 Jianqing Fan , Xu Han , Weijie Gu

Large-scale hypothesis testing is central to modern science, where controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR) has become the standard approach to managing false positives across many simultaneous tests. Hypotheses rarely exist in isolation;…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Binyamin Perets , Shie Mannor

Results on the false discovery rate (FDR) and the false nondiscovery rate (FNR) are developed for single-step multiple testing procedures. In addition to verifying desirable properties of FDR and FNR as measures of error rates, these…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Sanat K. Sarkar

We propose a general and flexible procedure for testing multiple hypotheses about sequential (or streaming) data that simultaneously controls both the false discovery rate (FDR) and false nondiscovery rate (FNR) under minimal assumptions…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-14 Jay Bartroff , Jinlin Song

This paper discusses several p-value-free multiple hypothesis testing methods proposed in recent years and organizes them by introducing a unified framework termed competition test. Although existing competition tests are effective in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-02 Mingzhou Deng , Yan Fu

Addressing the simultaneous identification of contributory variables while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) in high-dimensional data is a crucial statistical challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel model-free variable…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Yixin Han , Xu Guo , Changliang Zou

The probability of false discovery proportion (FDP) exceeding $\gamma\in[0,1)$, defined as $\gamma$-FDP, has received much attention as a measure of false discoveries in multiple testing. Although this measure has received acceptance due to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-03 Wenge Guo , Li He , Sanat K. Sarkar

False discovery rate (FDR) control is a popular approach for maintaining the integrity of statistical analyses, especially in high-dimensional data settings, where multiple comparisons increase the risk of false positives. FDR control has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Fabian Scheidt , Jasin Machkour , Michael Muma

Variable selection has been widely used in data analysis for the past decades, and it becomes increasingly important in the Big Data era as there are usually hundreds of variables available in a dataset. To enhance interpretability of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-17 Yuxiang Xie , Kwun Chuen Gary Chan

The False Discovery Rate (FDR) is a commonly used type I error rate in multiple testing problems. It is defined as the expected False Discovery Proportion (FDP), that is, the expected fraction of false positives among rejected hypotheses.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-04 Pierre Neuvial

We consider statistical hypothesis testing simultaneously over a fairly general, possibly uncountably infinite, set of null hypotheses, under the assumption that a suitable single test (and corresponding $p$-value) is known for each…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-10 Gilles Blanchard , Sylvain Delattre , Etienne Roquain

When hypotheses are tested in a stream and real-time decision-making is needed, online sequential hypothesis testing procedures are needed. Furthermore, these hypotheses are commonly partitioned into groups by their nature. For example, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-05 Runqiu Wang , Ran Dai

Conventional multiple testing procedures often assume hypotheses for different features are exchangeable. However, in many scientific applications, additional covariate information regarding the patterns of signals and nulls are available.…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-12 Xianyang Zhang , Jun Chen

The traditional approaches to false discovery rate (FDR) control in multiple hypothesis testing are usually based on the null distribution of a test statistic. However, all types of null distributions, including the theoretical,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-13 Kun He , Mengjie Li , Yan Fu , Fuzhou Gong , Xiaoming Sun

We develop a flexible feature selection framework based on deep neural networks that approximately controls the false discovery rate (FDR), a measure of Type-I error. The method applies to architectures whose first layer is fully connected.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Kazuma Sawaya