Related papers: Molecular genetics and mid-career economic mobilit…
Humans increasingly delegate decisions to language models, yet whether these systems reproduce or reshape human patterns of discrimination remains unclear. Here we run a large-scale study to analyse whether language models use demographic…
Gender norms are widely recognized as key determinants of persistent gender gaps in the labor market. However, our understanding of the drivers of gender norms, and their implications for preferences, remain lacking. This paper addresses…
Based on the field investigation of West Bengal, this paper investigates whether the school-aged children of the marginal farmer households are full-time paid labourers or unpaid domestic labourers along with schooling or regular students.…
The field of the mathematical sciences relies on a continuous academic pipeline in which individuals progress from undergraduate study through graduate training and postdoctoral program to long term faculty employment. National statistics…
To understand how genetic variants in human genomes manifest in phenotypes -- traits like height or diseases like asthma -- geneticists have sequenced and measured hundreds of thousands of individuals. Geneticists use this data to build…
Probability of necessity and sufficiency (PNS) measures the likelihood of a feature set being both necessary and sufficient for predicting an outcome. It has proven effective in guiding representation learning for unimodal data, enhancing…
Graduated driver licensing systems effectively reduce adolescent traffic fatalities but create unintended health consequences. Using state-level variation in licensing policies from 1999-2020 and difference-in-differences analysis, we…
Early initiation of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other substances predicts later substance use disorders and related psychopathology. We integrate time-varying environmental factors with polygenic risk scores (PRS) in a longitudinal…
Researches on the human mobility have made great progress in many aspects, but the long-term and long-distance migration behavior is lack of in-depth and extensive research because of the difficult in accessing to household data. In this…
How do genes affect cognitive ability or other human quantitative traits such as height or disease risk? Progress on this challenging question is likely to be significant in the near future. I begin with a brief review of psychometric…
Analyzing a large data set of publications drawn from the most competitive journals in the natural and social sciences we show that research careers exhibit the broad distributions of individual achievement characteristic of systems in…
Demographic and health indicators may exhibit short or large short-term shocks; for example, armed conflicts, epidemics, or famines may cause shocks in period measures of life expectancy. Statistical models for estimating historical trends…
The present study examined demographic and academic predictors of astronomy performance of community college students enrolled in astronomy courses in a large suburban community college. The theoretical framework was based upon a…
Education is a key driver of social and economic mobility, yet disparities in attainment persist, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing indicators, such as mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 and older…
Biological evolution can be conceptualized as a search process in the space of gene sequences guided by the fitness landscape, a mapping that assigns a measure of reproductive value to each genotype. Here we discuss probabilistic models of…
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a means of examining the common genetic variation underlying a range of traits and disorders. In addition, it is hoped that GWAS may provide a means of differentiating affected from unaffected…
Gender disparities in health outcomes have garnered significant attention, prompting investigations into their underlying causes. Glioblastoma (GBM), a devastating and highly aggressive form of brain tumor, serves as a case for such…
The Matthew effect refers to the adage written some two-thousand years ago in the Gospel of St. Matthew: "For to all those who have, more will be given." Even two millennia later, this idiom is used by sociologists to qualitatively describe…
The population is composed of individuals characterised by their genetic strings, phenotypes and ages. We discuss the influence of probabilities of survival of the individuals on the dynamics and phenotypic variability of the population. We…
The Open Science Grid(OSG) is a world-wide computing system which facilitates distributed computing for scientific research. It can distribute a computationally intensive job to geo-distributed clusters and process job's tasks in parallel.…