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Odd Radio Circles (ORCs) are a new class of distinct radio objects that has recently been discovered. The origin of these features is yet unclear because their peculiar properties are a challenge for our current understanding of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-04 Anna Ivleva , Ludwig M. Böss , Klaus Dolag , Bärbel S. Koribalski , Ildar Khabibullin

Recently, a new population of circular radio ($\sim$GHz) objects have been discovered at high Galactic latitudes, called the Odd Radio Circles (ORCs). A fraction of the ORCs encircles massive galaxies in the sky with stellar mass $\sim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-26 Shotaro Yamasaki , Kartick C. Sarkar , Zhaozhou Li

X-ray shocks and radio relics detected in the cluster outskirts are commonly interpreted as shocks induced by mergers of sub-clumps. We study the properties of merger shocks in merging galaxy clusters, using a set of cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-25 Ji-Hoon Ha , Dongsu Ryu , Hyesung Kang

The physical nature and origins of the newly discovered class of Odd Radio Circles (ORCs) remain unclear. We investigate a model whereby ORCs are synchrotron-emitting vortex rings formed by the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) when a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-16 Yiting Wang , Sebastian Heinz

Odd Radio Circles (ORCs) are unexpected faint circles of diffuse radio emission discovered in recent wide deep radio surveys. They are typically about one arcmin in diameter, and may be spherical shells of synchrotron emission about a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-03 Ray P. Norris , Evan Crawford , Peter Macgregor

The acceleration of electrons at shock fronts is thought to be responsible for radio relics, extended radio features in the vicinity of merging galaxy clusters. By combining high resolution Adaptive Mesh Refinement Hydro/N-body cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 Jack O. Burns , Samuel W. Skillman

Radio relics have been discovered in many galaxy clusters. They are believed to trace shock fronts induced by cluster mergers. Cosmological simulations allow us to study merger shocks in detail since the intra-cluster medium is heated by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 M. Hoeft , S. E. Nuza , S. Gottloeber , R. J. van Weeren , H. J. A. Roettgering , M. Brueggen

Odd Radio Circles or ORCs are recently discovered edge-brightened, low surface brightness circular radio sources. The progenitors and astrophysical processes responsible for their origins are presently debated. Some ORCs are host-less and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-03 A. Omar

Odd Radio Circles (ORCs) are a class of low surface brightness, circular objects approximately one arcminute in diameter. ORCs were recently discovered in the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) data, and subsequently…

A new class of radio source, the so-called Odd Radio Circles (ORCs), have been discovered by recent sensitive, large-area radio continuum surveys. The distances of these sources have so far relied on photometric redshifts of optical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-11 David Rupke , Alison Coil , Kelly Whalen , John Moustakas , Christy Tremonti , Serena Perrotta

Odd radio circles (ORCs) are mysterious rings of faint, diffuse emission recently discovered in radio surveys, some of which may be associated with galaxies in relatively dense environments. We propose such ORCs to be synchrotron emission…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-03 Yutaka Fujita , Norita Kawanaka , Susumu Inoue

A measurable fraction ($\sim8$ per cent) of recently discovered arcmin-size circular diffuse radio sources termed as Odd Radio Circles or ORCs can be supernovae remnants in the intragroup medium, within the local group and its immediate…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-04-12 A. Omar

The generation of merger shocks is a natural outcome of the hierarchical process of structure formation. As time elapses cosmic structures grow in mass and size via mergers and through the continuous accretion of material onto the potential…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-04 Sebastián E. Nuza

We investigate binary mergers of galaxy clusters, the formation of shocks, and the resulting radio relics using three-dimensional simulations. The initial setup consists of two idealized spherical subclusters with a mass ratio below three,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-27 Hyesung Kang , Dongsu Ryu , Jeongbhin Seo

We present the discovery of two intersecting radio shells, likely radio relics, surrounding a compact galaxy group dominated by a massive elliptical galaxy. The shells present as partial, edge-brightened rings with diameters of about 240"…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-17 Bärbel S. Koribalski , Klaus Dolag , Ildar Khabibullin , Ludwig M. Böss , Anna Ivleva , Ray P. Norris

Cosmological shocks are a critical part of large-scale structure formation, and are responsible for heating the intracluster medium in galaxy clusters. In addition, they are also capable of accelerating non-thermal electrons and protons. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Samuel W. Skillman , Eric J. Hallman , Brian W. O'Shea , Jack O. Burns , Britton D. Smith , Matthew J. Turk

Massive structures like cluster of galaxies, embedded in cosmic filaments, release enormous amount of energy through their interactions. These events are associated with production of Mpc-scale shocks and injection of considerable amount of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-27 S. Paul , L. Iapichino , F. Miniati , J. Bagchi , K. Mannheim

The outskirts of galaxy clusters are continuously disturbed by mergers and gas infall along filaments, which in turn induce turbulent flow motions and shock waves. We examine the properties of shocks that form within $r_{200}$ in sample…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-26 Sungwook E. Hong , Dongsu Ryu , Hyesung Kang , Renyue Cen

The origin of arcmin-sized Odd Radio Circles (ORCs) found in modern all-sky radio surveys remain uncertain, with explanations ranging from starburst/AGN-driven shocks to supernova remnants (SNRs) in the low-density ambient medium. Using…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-23 Sumit K. Sarbadhicary , Todd A. Thompson , Laura A. Lopez , Smita Mathur

According to structure formation simulations, weak shocks with typical Mach number, $M_{\rm s}\lesssim 3$, are expected to form in merging galaxy clusters. The presence of such shocks has been indicated by X-ray and radio observations of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-26 Hyesung Kang , Dongsu Ryu , T. W. Jones
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