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It is known (Hofmann-Credner and Stolz (2008)) that the convergence of the mean empirical spectral distribution of a sample covariance matrix W_n = 1/n Y_n Y_n^t to the Mar\v{c}enko-Pastur law remains unaffected if the rows and columns of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-03-21 Olga Friesen , Matthias Löwe , Michael Stolz

Random matrix theory, which characterizes spectral distributions of infinitely large matrices, plays a central role across diverse fields, including high-dimensional data analysis, ecology, neuroscience, and machine learning. Among its key…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-26 Arata Tomoto , Jun-nosuke Teramae

A fundamental concept in multivariate statistics, sample correlation matrix, is often used to infer the correlation/dependence structure among random variables, when the population mean and covariance are unknown. A natural block extension…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-09 Zhigang Bao , Jiang Hu , Xiaocong Xu , Xiaozhuo Zhang

In this paper, we show that the diagonal of a high-dimensional sample covariance matrix stemming from $n$ independent observations of a $p$-dimensional time series with finite fourth moments can be approximated in spectral norm by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-05 Johannes Heiny

Suppose $X_p$ is a real $p \times n$ matrix with independent entries and consider the (unscaled) sample covariance matrix $S_p=X_pX_p^T$. The Marchenko-Pastur law was discovered as the limit of the bulk distribution of the sample covariance…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-04 Arup Bose , Priyanka Sen

We consider linear spectral statistics built from the block-normalized correlation matrix of a set of $M$ mutually independent scalar time series. This matrix is composed of $M \times M$ blocks that contain the sample cross correlation…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-15 Philippe Loubaton , Xavier Mestre

Sample correlation matrices are employed ubiquitously in statistics. However, quite surprisingly, little is known about their asymptotic spectral properties for high-dimensional data, particularly beyond the case of "null models" for which…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-13 David Morales-Jimenez , Iain M. Johnstone , Matthew R. McKay , Jeha Yang

We study random matrices whose entries are obtained by applying consistent rank correlations, such as Hoeffding's $D$, pairwise to a high-dimensional random vector with mutually independent components. Prior work has shown that, in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Zhaorui Dong , Fang Han , Jianfeng Yao

We study an "inner-product kernel" random matrix model, whose empirical spectral distribution was shown by Xiuyuan Cheng and Amit Singer to converge to a deterministic measure in the large $n$ and $p$ limit. We provide an interpretation of…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-03 Zhou Fan , Andrea Montanari

The traditional class of elliptical distributions is extended to allow for asymmetries. A completely robust dispersion matrix estimator (the `spectral estimator') for the new class of `generalized elliptical distributions' is presented. It…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Gabriel Frahm , Uwe Jaekel

In this paper, we study the convergence rates of empirical spectral distribution of large dimensional quaternion sample covariance matrix. Assume that the entries of $\mathbf X_n$ ($p\times n$) are independent quaternion random variables…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-30 Huiqin LI , Zhidong Bai

In this paper, we investigate the limiting empirical spectral distribution (LSD) of sums of independent rank-one $k$-fold tensor products of $n$-dimensional vectors as $k,n \to \infty$. Assuming that the base vectors are complex random…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Wangjun Yuan

We analyze the spectral distribution of symmetric random matrices with correlated entries. While we assume that the diagonals of these random matrices are stochastically independent, the elements of the diagonals are taken to be correlated.…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-05-31 Olga Friesen , Matthias Löwe

In random matrix theory, the spectral distribution of the covariance matrix has been well studied under the large dimensional asymptotic regime when the dimensionality and the sample size tend to infinity at the same rate. However, most…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Qiang Liu , Yiming Liu , Zhi Liu , Wang Zhou

In this paper we establish the limit of the empirical spectral distribution of quaternion sample covariance matrices. Suppose $\mathbf X_n = ({x_{jk}^{(n)}})_{p\times n}$ is a quaternion random matrix. For each $n$, the entries…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-22 Huiqin Li , Zhidong Bai , Jiang Hu

High-dimensional sample correlation matrices are a crucial class of random matrices in multivariate statistical analysis. The central limit theorem (CLT) provides a theoretical foundation for statistical inference. In this paper, assuming…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-30 Weijiang Chen , Shurong Zheng , Tingting Zou

Consider a $p$-dimensional population ${\mathbf x} \in\mathbb{R}^p$ with iid coordinates in the domain of attraction of a stable distribution with index $\alpha\in (0,2)$. Since the variance of ${\mathbf x}$ is infinite, the sample…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Johannes Heiny , Jianfeng Yao

This paper investigates limiting properties of eigenvalues of multivariate sample spatial-sign covariance matrices when both the number of variables and the sample size grow to infinity. The underlying p-variate populations are general…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-25 Weiming Li , Qinwen Wang , Jianfeng Yao , Wang Zhou

This paper introduces a new method to estimate the spectral distribution of a population covariance matrix from high-dimensional data. The method is founded on a meaningful generalization of the seminal Marcenko-Pastur equation, originally…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-02-05 Weiming Li , Jiaqi Chen , Yingli Qin , Jianfeng Yao , Zhidong Bai

We study the asymptotic of the spectral distribution for large empirical covariance matrices composed of independent Multifractal Random Walk processes. The asymptotic is taken as the observation lag shrinks to 0. In this setting, we show…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-26 Romain Allez , Rémi Rhodes , Vincent Vargas