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We discuss single adaptive measurements for the estimation of mixed quantum states of qubits. The results are compared to the optimal estimation schemes using collective measurements. We also demonstrate that the advantage of collective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Dietmar G. Fischer , Matthias Freyberger

Symmetric informationally complete measurements are both important building blocks in many quantum information protocols and the seminal example of a generalised, non-orthogonal, quantum measurement. In higher-dimensional systems, these…

Quantum tomography is a process of quantum state reconstruction using data from multiple measurements. An essential goal for a quantum tomography algorithm is to find measurements that will maximize the useful information about an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 A. D. Moiseevskiy , G. I. Struchalin , S. S. Straupe , S. P. Kulik

The problem of estimating multiple loss parameters of an optical system using the most general ancilla-assisted parallel strategy is solved under energy constraints. An upper bound on the quantum Fisher information matrix is derived…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Ranjith Nair

A fundamental challenge in multiparameter quantum estimation arises from the incompatibility of optimal measurements for different parameters, leading to intricate precision trade-offs that obscure the understanding of ultimate quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Lingna Wang , Hongzhen Chen , Haidong Yuan

We present an experimental demonstration of the power of real-time feedback in quantum metrology, confirming a theoretical prediction by Wiseman regarding the superior performance of an adaptive homodyne technique for single-shot…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael A. Armen , John K. Au , John K. Stockton , Andrew C. Doherty , Hideo Mabuchi

We characterize operationally meaningful quantum gains in a paradigmatic model of lossless multiple-phase interferometry and stress insufficiency of the analysis based solely on the concept of quantum Fisher information. We show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-28 Wojciech Gorecki , Rafal Demkowicz-Dobrzanski

The Cram\'er-Rao bound captures completely the performance of single-parameter quantum sensors. On the other hand, its extension to multiple parameters demands more caution. Different aspects need to be captured at once, including,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Jayanth Jayakumar , Marco Barbieri , Magdalena Stobińska

Simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters is required in many practical applications. A lower bound on the variance of simultaneous estimation is given by the quantum Fisher information matrix. This lower bound is, however, not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Shingo Kukita

Adaptive measurements were recently shown to significantly improve the performance of quantum state tomography. Utilizing information about the system for the on-line choice of optimal measurements allows to reach the ultimate bounds of…

The implementation of large-scale universal quantum computation represents a challenging and ambitious task on the road to quantum processing of information. In recent years, an intermediate approach has been pursued to demonstrate quantum…

Joint or simultaneous measurements of non-commuting quantum observables are possible at the cost of increased unsharpness or measurement uncertainty. Many different criteria exist for defining what an "optimal" joint measurement is, with…

The estimation of multiple parameters is a ubiquitous requirement in many quantum metrology applications. However, achieving the ultimate precision limit, i.e. the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound, becomes challenging in these scenarios compared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 Ben Wang , Kaimin Zheng , Qian Xie , Aonan Zhang , Liang Xu , Lijian Zhang

Performing experiments on small-scale quantum computers is certainly a challenging endeavor. Many parameters need to be optimized to achieve high-fidelity operations. This can be done efficiently for operations acting on single qubits as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 M. Müller , A. Rivas , E. A. Martínez , D. Nigg , P. Schindler , T. Monz , R. Blatt , M. A. Martin-Delgado

Quantum sensing is an important application of emerging quantum technologies. We explore whether a hybrid system of quantum sensors and quantum circuits can surpass the classical limit of sensing. In particular, we use optimization…

We point out a general framework that encompasses most cases in which quantum effects enable an increase in precision when estimating a parameter (quantum metrology). The typical quantum precision-enhancement is of the order of the square…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

We consider the problem of quantum multi-parameter estimation with experimental constraints and formulate the solution in terms of a convex optimization. Specifically, we outline an efficient method to identify the optimal strategy for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Kevin C. Young , Mohan Sarovar , Robert Kosut , K. Birgitta Whaley

We present methods that can provide an exponential savings in the resources required to perform dynamic parameter estimation using quantum systems. The key idea is to merge classical compressive sensing techniques with quantum control…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Easwar Magesan , Alexandre Cooper , Paola Cappellaro

In quantum mechanics, measuring the expectation value of a general observable has an inherent statistical uncertainty that is quantified by variance or mean squared error of measurement outcome. While the uncertainty can be reduced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Kaito Wada , Naoki Yamamoto , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

Algorithms based on non-unitary evolution have attracted much interest for ground state preparation on quantum computers. One recently proposed method makes use of ancilla qubits and controlled unitary operators to implement weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-25 Tobias Stollenwerk , Stuart Hadfield