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Federated graph learning (FedGL) is an emerging learning paradigm to collaboratively train graph data from various clients. However, during the development and deployment of FedGL models, they are susceptible to illegal copying and model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Yuxin Yang , Qiang Li , Yuan Hong , Binghui Wang

In this paper, we present DSN (Deep Serial Number), a simple yet effective watermarking algorithm designed specifically for deep neural networks (DNNs). Unlike traditional methods that incorporate identification signals into DNNs, our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Ruixiang Tang , Mengnan Du , Xia Hu

DNNs shall be considered as the intellectual property (IP) of the model builder due to the impeding cost of designing/training a highly accurate model. Research attempts have been made to protect the authorship of the trained model and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Xinwei Fan , Osman Cihan Kilinc , Farinaz Koushanfar

Deep neural networks have played a crucial part in many critical domains, such as autonomous driving, face recognition, and medical diagnosis. However, deep neural networks are facing security threats from backdoor attacks and can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jiyang Guan , Jian Liang , Ran He

Substantial research works have shown that deep models, e.g., pre-trained models, on the large corpus can learn universal language representations, which are beneficial for downstream NLP tasks. However, these powerful models are also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yixin Liu , Hongsheng Hu , Xun Chen , Xuyun Zhang , Lichao Sun

With the rapid development of cloud-based services, large language models have become increasingly accessible through various web platforms. However, this accessibility has also led to growing risks of model abuse. LLM watermarking has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Shi Wang , Li Guo

The increasing importance of both deep neural networks (DNNs) and cloud services for training them means that bad actors have more incentive and opportunity to insert backdoors to alter the behavior of trained models. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Khondoker Murad Hossain , Tim Oates

Outsourced deep neural networks have been demonstrated to suffer from patch-based trojan attacks, in which an adversary poisons the training sets to inject a backdoor in the obtained model so that regular inputs can be still labeled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Ying He , Zhili Shen , Chang Xia , Jingyu Hua , Wei Tong , Sheng Zhong

The growing popularity of Deep Neural Networks, which often require computationally expensive training and access to a vast amount of data, calls for accurate authorship verification methods to deter unlawful dissemination of the models and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Elena Rodriguez-Lois , Fernando Perez-Gonzalez

The rise of machine learning as a service and model sharing platforms has raised the need of traitor-tracing the models and proof of authorship. Watermarking technique is the main component of existing methods for protecting copyright of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Ziqi Yang , Hung Dang , Ee-Chien Chang

Backdoor data poisoning is a crucial technique for ownership protection and defending against malicious attacks. Embedding hidden triggers in training data can manipulate model outputs, enabling provenance verification, and deterring…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Kuan-Yu Chen , Yi-Cheng Lin , Jeng-Lin Li , Jian-Jiun Ding

The opacity of neural networks leads their vulnerability to backdoor attacks, where hidden attention of infected neurons is triggered to override normal predictions to the attacker-chosen ones. In this paper, we propose a novel backdoor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Mingyuan Fan , Yang Liu , Cen Chen , Ximeng Liu , Wenzhong Guo

Due to costly efforts during data acquisition and model training, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) belong to the intellectual property of the model creator. Hence, unauthorized use, theft, or modification may lead to legal repercussions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Torsten Krauß , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where an adversary manipulates the model behavior through overlaying images with special triggers. Existing backdoor defense methods often require accessing a few validation data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Tao Sun , Lu Pang , Weimin Lyu , Chao Chen , Haibin Ling

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Previous works have shown it extremely challenging to unlearn the undesired backdoor behavior from the network, since the entire network can be affected by the backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Haotao Wang , Junyuan Hong , Aston Zhang , Jiayu Zhou , Zhangyang Wang

Backdoor attack against deep neural networks is currently being profoundly investigated due to its severe security consequences. Current state-of-the-art backdoor attacks require the adversary to modify the input, usually by adding a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Ahmed Salem , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Embedding as a Service (EaaS) has become a widely adopted solution, which offers feature extraction capabilities for addressing various downstream tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Prior studies have shown that EaaS can be prone…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Anudeex Shetty , Yue Teng , Ke He , Qiongkai Xu

With the increasing attention to deep neural network (DNN) models, attacks are also upcoming for such models. For example, an attacker may carefully construct images in specific ways (also referred to as adversarial examples) aiming to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yuexin Xiang , Tiantian Li , Wei Ren , Tianqing Zhu , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

Deep learning models have consistently outperformed traditional machine learning models in various classification tasks, including image classification. As such, they have become increasingly prevalent in many real world applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Cong Liao , Haoti Zhong , Anna Squicciarini , Sencun Zhu , David Miller

We propose a Universal Defence against backdoor attacks based on Clustering and Centroids Analysis (CCA-UD). The goal of the defence is to reveal whether a Deep Neural Network model is subject to a backdoor attack by inspecting the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Wei Guo , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni