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We propose new continuous-time formulations for first-order stochastic optimization algorithms such as mini-batch gradient descent and variance-reduced methods. We exploit these continuous-time models, together with simple Lyapunov analysis…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-12 Antonio Orvieto , Aurelien Lucchi

We present a novel deep learning approach to approximate the solution of large, sparse, symmetric, positive-definite linear systems of equations. These systems arise from many problems in applied science, e.g., in numerical methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Ayano Kaneda , Osman Akar , Jingyu Chen , Victoria Kala , David Hyde , Joseph Teran

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms allow artificial agents to improve their action selections so as to increase rewarding experiences in their environments. Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms require solving a nonconvex and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Jacob Rafati , Roummel F. Marcia

We propose a class of models based on Fisher's Linear Discriminant (FLD) in the context of domain adaptation. The class is the convex combination of two hypotheses: i) an average hypothesis representing previously seen source tasks and ii)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Hayden S. Helm , Ashwin De Silva , Joshua T. Vogelstein , Carey E. Priebe , Weiwei Yang

We formulate natural gradient variational inference (VI), expectation propagation (EP), and posterior linearisation (PL) as extensions of Newton's method for optimising the parameters of a Bayesian posterior distribution. This viewpoint…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-07 William J. Wilkinson , Simo Särkkä , Arno Solin

This paper introduces two variational inference approaches for infinite-dimensional inverse problems, developed through gradient descent with a constant learning rate. The proposed methods enable efficient approximate sampling from the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Jiaming Sui , Junxiong Jia , Jinglai Li

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the workhorse of modern machine learning. Sometimes, there are many different potential gradient estimators that can be used. When so, choosing the one with the best tradeoff between cost and variance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tomas Geffner , Justin Domke

Parametric manifold optimization problems frequently arise in various machine learning tasks, where state functions are defined on infinite-dimensional manifolds. We propose a unified accelerated natural gradient descent (ANGD) framework to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Chenyi Li , Shuchen Zhu , Zhonglin Xie , Zaiwen Wen

In this paper, we study Newton-conjugate gradient (Newton-CG) methods for minimizing a nonconvex function $f$ whose Hessian is $(H_f,\nu)$-H\"older continuous with modulus $H_f>0$ and exponent $\nu\in(0,1]$. Recently proposed Newton-CG…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Ziyang Zeng , Junyu Zhang , Chuan He

The note considers normalized gradient descent (NGD), a natural modification of classical gradient descent (GD) in optimization problems. A serious shortcoming of GD in non-convex problems is that GD may take arbitrarily long to escape from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-25 Ryan Murray , Brian Swenson , Soummya Kar

The article proposes a Caputo fractional conjugate gradient (CFCG) method for unconstrained optimization problems which is applicable to smooth as well as non-smooth problmes. The proposed method uses a non-adaptive version of the Caputo…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Barsha Shawa , Md Abu Talhamainuddin Ansary

Conjugate gradient (CG) methods are a class of important methods for solving linear equations and nonlinear optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a new stochastic CG algorithm with variance reduction and we prove its linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Xiao-Bo Jin , Xu-Yao Zhang , Kaizhu Huang , Guang-Gang Geng

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the optimization algorithm of choice in many machine learning applications such as regularized empirical risk minimization and training deep neural networks. The classical convergence analysis of SGD is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-10 Lam M. Nguyen , Phuong Ha Nguyen , Marten van Dijk , Peter Richtárik , Katya Scheinberg , Martin Takáč

This work leverages tools from evolutionary game theory to solve unconstrained nonconvex optimization problems. Specifically, we lift such a problem to an optimization over probability measures, whose minimizers exactly correspond to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-11 Brendon G. Anderson , Samuel Pfrommer , Somayeh Sojoudi

We study a continuous-time approximation of the stochastic gradient descent process for minimizing the population expected loss in learning problems. The main results establish general sufficient conditions for the convergence, extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Gabor Lugosi , Eulalia Nualart

This paper is concerned with the approximation of probability distributions known up to normalization constants, with a focus on Bayesian inference for large-scale inverse problems in scientific computing. In this context, key challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Baojun Che , Yifan Chen , Zhenghao Huan , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Weijie Wang

Many applications in machine learning require optimizing a function whose true gradient is unknown, but where surrogate gradient information (directions that may be correlated with, but not necessarily identical to, the true gradient) is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Niru Maheswaranathan , Luke Metz , George Tucker , Dami Choi , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

We introduce a novel convolutional neural network architecture, termed the \emph{periodic CNN}, which incorporates periodic boundary conditions into the convolutional layers. Our main theoretical contribution is a rigorous approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yuqing Liu

In this article, we study the continuous-discrete projection filter for exponential-family manifolds with conjugate likelihoods. We first derive the local projection error of the prediction step of the continuous-discrete projection filter.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Muhammad F. Emzir , Zaid A. Sawlan , Sami El Ferik

While classic work in convex-concave min-max optimization relies on average-iterate convergence results, the emergence of nonconvex applications such as training Generative Adversarial Networks has led to renewed interest in last-iterate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Jacob Abernethy , Kevin A. Lai , Andre Wibisono