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In order to help physicists to expand their knowledge of the climate in the Lesser Antilles, we aim to identify the spatio-temporal configurations using clustering analysis on wind speed and cumulative rainfall datasets. But we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Emmanuel Biabiany , Vincent Page , Didier Bernard , Hélène Paugam-Moisy

Quantifying the risk of global warming exceeding critical targets such as 2.0 K requires reliable projections of uncertainty as well as best estimates of Global Mean Surface Temperature (GMST). However, uncertainty bands on GMST projections…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-21 Philip G. Sansom , Donald Cummins , Stephan Siegert , David B. Stephenson

This survey focuses on the current problems in Earth systems science where machine learning algorithms can be applied. It provides an overview of previous work, ongoing work at the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Gov. of India, and future…

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) are an important class of probabilistic models, also known as random fields and undirected graphical models. EBMs are un-normalized and thus radically different from other popular self-normalized probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zhijian Ou

State-space models (SSMs) are increasingly used in ecology to model time-series such as animal movement paths and population dynamics. This type of hierarchical model is often structured to account for two levels of variability: biological…

Microclimate models are essential for linking climate to ecological processes, yet most physically based frameworks estimate temperature independently for each spatial unit and rely on simplified representations of lateral heat exchange. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Idan Sulami , Alon Itzkovitch , Michael R. Kearney , Moni Shahar , Ofir Levy

Recent years have seen a growing concern about climate change and its impacts. While Earth System Models (ESMs) can be invaluable tools for studying the impacts of climate change, the complex coupling processes encoded in ESMs and the large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Warren L. Davis , Max Carlson , Irina Tezaur , Diana Bull , Kara Peterson , Laura Swiler

Our planet is facing increasingly frequent extreme events, which pose major risks to human lives and ecosystems. Recent advances in machine learning (ML), especially with foundation models (FMs) trained on extensive datasets, excel in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Shan Zhao , Zhitong Xiong , Jie Zhao , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) have proven to be a highly effective approach for modelling densities on finite-dimensional spaces. Their ability to incorporate domain-specific choices and constraints into the structure of the model through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Jen Ning Lim , Sebastian Vollmer , Lorenz Wolf , Andrew Duncan

Accurately quantifying the increased risks of climate extremes requires generating large ensembles of climate realization across a wide range of emissions scenarios, which is computationally challenging for conventional Earth System Models.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Mengze Wang , Benedikt Barthel Sorensen , Themistoklis Sapsis

Most operational climate services providers base their seasonal predictions on initialised general circulation models (GCMs) or statistical techniques that fit past observations. GCMs require substantial computational resources, which…

Methane (CH4) is the second most critical greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, contributing to 16-25% of the observed atmospheric warming. Wetlands are the primary natural source of methane emissions globally. However, wetland methane…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Sandeep Chinta , Xiang Gao , Qing Zhu

Extreme temperature events have traditionally been detected assuming a unimodal distribution of temperature data. We found that surface temperature data can be described more accurately with a multimodal rather than a unimodal distribution.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Aytaç Paçal , Birgit Hassler , Katja Weigel , M. Levent Kurnaz , Michael F. Wehner , Veronika Eyring

Data assimilation algorithms integrate prior information from numerical model simulations with observed data. Ensemble-based filters, regarded as state-of-the-art, are widely employed for large-scale estimation tasks in disciplines such as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-24 Iris Rammelmüller , Gottfried Hastermann , Jana de Wiljes

The evolution of space technology in recent years, fueled by advancements in computing such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has profoundly transformed our capacity to explore the cosmos. Missions like the James…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Vasuda Trehan , Kevin H. Knuth , M. J. Way

A novel methodology for short-term energy forecasting using an Extreme Learning Machine ($\mathtt{ELM}$) is proposed. Using six years of hourly data collected in Corsica (France) from multiple energy sources (solar, wind, hydro, thermal,…

This paper studies sequence modeling for prediction tasks with long range dependencies. We propose a new formulation for state space models (SSMs) based on learning linear dynamical systems with the spectral filtering algorithm (Hazan et…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Naman Agarwal , Daniel Suo , Xinyi Chen , Elad Hazan

Explainable boosting machines (EBMs) are popular "glass-box" models that learn a set of univariate functions using boosting trees. These achieve explainability through visualizations of each feature's effect. However, unlike linear model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-31 Haimo Fang , Kevin Tan , Jonathan Pipping-Gamon , Giles Hooker

Weather forecasting is fundamentally challenged by the chaotic nature of the atmosphere, necessitating probabilistic approaches to quantify uncertainty. While traditional ensemble prediction (EPS) addresses this through computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xinlei Xiong , Wenbo Hu , Shuxun Zhou , Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Ying Liu , Richang Hong , Qi Tian

Despite the long history of electrochemistry, there is a lack of quantitative algorithms that rigorously correlate experiment with theory. Electrochemical modeling has had advanced across empirical, analytical, numerical, and data-driven…