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In this paper, we present the design of Owi, a symbolic interpreter for WebAssembly written in OCaml, and how we used it to create a state-of-the-art tool to find bugs in programs combining C and Rust code. WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Léo Andrès , Filipe Marques , Arthur Carcano , Pierre Chambart , José Fragoso Santos , Jean-Christophe Filliâtre

A significant amount of both client and server-side cryptography is implemented in JavaScript. Despite widespread concerns about its security, no other language has been able to match the convenience that comes from its ubiquitous support…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Conrad Watt , John Renner , Natalie Popescu , Sunjay Cauligi , Deian Stefan

WebAssembly is a new binary instruction format that allows targeted compiled code written in high-level languages to be executed with near-native speed by the browser's JavaScript engine. However, given that WebAssembly binaries can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Tiago Brito , Pedro Lopes , Nuno Santos , José Fragoso Santos

WebAssembly (Wasm) has risen as a widely used technology to distribute computing workloads on different platforms. The platform independence offered through Wasm makes it an attractive solution for many different applications that can run…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Markus Berthilsson , Christian Gehrmann

WebAssembly (Wasm) is rapidly gaining popularity as a distribution format for software components embedded in various security-critical domains. Unfortunately, despite its prudent design, WebAssembly's primary use case as a compilation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Markus Scherer , Jeppe Fredsgaard Blaabjerg , Alexander Sjösten , Matteo Maffei

All major web browsers now support WebAssembly, a low-level bytecode intended to serve as a compilation target for code written in languages like C and C++. A key goal of WebAssembly is performance parity with native code; previous work…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Abhinav Jangda , Bobby Powers , Emery Berger , Arjun Guha

WebAssembly, or Wasm, is a low-level binary language that enables execution of near-native-performance code in web browsers. Wasm has proven to be useful in applications including gaming, audio and video processing, and cloud computing,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Mohammad Robati Shirzad , Patrick Lam

Memory safety violations in low-level code, written in languages like C, continues to remain one of the major sources of software vulnerabilities. One method of removing such violations by construction is to port C code to a safe C dialect.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Nausheen Mohammed , Akash Lal , Aseem Rastogi , Subhajit Roy , Rahul Sharma

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format designed for secure and efficient execution within sandboxed environments -- predominantly web apps and browsers -- to facilitate performance, security, and flexibility of web programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Muhammad Waseem , Teerath Das , Aakash Ahmad , Peng Liang , Tommi Mikkonen

WebAssembly is an instruction set architecture and binary format standard, designed for secure execution by an interpreter. Previous work has shown that WebAssembly is vulnerable to buffer overflow due to the lack of effective protection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Quentin Michaud , Yohan Pipereau , Olivier Levillain , Dhouha Ayed

Despite the recent advances in pre-production bug detection, heap-use-after-free and heap-buffer-overflow bugs remain the primary problem for security, reliability, and developer productivity for applications written in C or C++, across all…

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format that enables portable, sandboxed, and near-native execution across heterogeneous platforms, making it well-suited for serverless workflow execution on browsers, edge nodes, and cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Mario Colosi , Reza Farahani , Lauri Loven , Radu Prodan , Massimo Villari

WebAssembly is a low-level bytecode language designed for client-side execution in web browsers. The need for decompilation techniques that recover high-level source code from WASM binaries has grown as WASM continues to gain widespread…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Wei-Cheng Wu , Yutian Yan , Hallgrimur David Egilsson , David Park , Steven Chan , Christophe Hauser , Weihang Wang

Scripting languages are continuously gaining popularity due to their ease of use and the flourishing software ecosystems that surround them. These languages offer crash and memory safety by design, thus, developers do not need to understand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Cristian-Alexandru Staicu , Sazzadur Rahaman , Ágnes Kiss , Michael Backes

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are being widely adopted in critical infrastructures, such as smart grids, nuclear plants, water systems, transportation systems, manufacturing and healthcare services, among others. However, the increasing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Eyasu Getahun Chekole , Martin Ochoa , Sudipta Chattopadhyay

In recent years, stealthy Android malware has increasingly adopted sophisticated techniques to bypass automatic detection mechanisms and harden manual analysis. Adversaries typically rely on obfuscation, anti-repacking, steganography,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Diego Soi , Silvia Lucia Sanna , Lorenzo Pisu , Leonardo Regano , Giorgio Giacinto

We claim that existing techniques and tools for generating and verifying constant-time code are incomplete, since they rely on assumptions that compiler optimization passes do not break constant-timeness or that certain operations execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Garrett Gu , Hovav Shacham

There is a clear difference in runtime performance between native applications that use augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) device-specific hardware and comparable web-based implementations. Here we show that WebAssembly (Wasm) offers a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Woo Jae Kim , Bohdan B. Khomtchouk

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level binary format for web applications, which has found widespread adoption due to its improved performance and compatibility with existing software. However, the popularity of Wasm has also led to its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Nils Loose , Felix Mächtle , Claudius Pott , Volodymyr Bezsmertnyi , Thomas Eisenbarth

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level bytecode language and virtual machine, intended as a compilation target for a wide range of programming languages, which is seeing increasing adoption across diverse ecosystems. As a young technology, Wasm…