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Correlation and similarity measures are widely used in all the areas of sciences and social sciences. Often the variables are not numbers but are instead qualitative descriptors called categorical data. We define and study similarity…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-10-08 Aashay Patil , M. S. Santhanam

Estimation of the mean and covariance parameters for functional data is a critical task, with local linear smoothing being a popular choice. In recent years, many scientific domains are producing multivariate functional data for which $p$,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Alexander Petersen

Efficiently learning mixture of Gaussians is a fundamental problem in statistics and learning theory. Given samples coming from a random one out of k Gaussian distributions in Rn, the learning problem asks to estimate the means and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-11 Rong Ge , Qingqing Huang , Sham M. Kakade

Many machine learning methods assume that the training and test data follow the same distribution. However, in the real world, this assumption is very often violated. In particular, the phenomenon that the marginal distribution of the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Masanari Kimura , Hideitsu Hino

Coarse data arise when learners observe only partial information about samples; namely, a set containing the sample rather than its exact value. This occurs naturally through measurement rounding, sensor limitations, and lag in economic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Alkis Kalavasis , Anay Mehrotra , Manolis Zampetakis , Felix Zhou , Ziyu Zhu

We derive a covariance formula for the class of `topological events' of smooth Gaussian fields on manifolds; these are events that depend only on the topology of the level sets of the field, for example (i) crossing events for level or…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Dmitry Beliaev , Stephen Muirhead , Alejandro Rivera

Tensor-valued data are being encountered increasingly more commonly, in the biological, natural as well as the social sciences. The learning of the unknown model parameter vector given such data, involves covariance modelling of such data,…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-19 Kangrui Wang , Dalia Chakrabarty

Posterior distributions on parameters computed from experimental data using Bayesian techniques are only as accurate as the models used to construct them. In many applications these models are incomplete, which both reduces the prospects of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-23 Christopher J. Moore , Jonathan R. Gair

We investigate joint spectral characteristics of a family of matrices $\mathcal F $, associated with products in the semigroup generated by $\mathcal F$. In the literature, extremal measures such as the well-known joint spectral radius and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Francesco Paolo Maiale , Anastasiia Trofimova , Nicola Guglielmi

Observational astrophysics consists of making inferences about the Universe by comparing data and models. The credible intervals placed on model parameters are often as important as the maximum a posteriori probability values, as the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Will J. Percival , Oliver Friedrich , Elena Sellentin , Alan Heavens

Graphical models describe associations between variables through the notion of conditional independence. Gaussian graphical models are a widely used class of such models where the relationships are formalized by non-null entries of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-08 Sagnik Bhadury , Riten Mitra , Jeremy T. Gaskins

The covariance structure of multivariate functional data can be highly complex, especially if the multivariate dimension is large, making extensions of statistical methods for standard multivariate data to the functional data setting…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-04 Javier Zapata , Sang-Yun Oh , Alexander Petersen

Estimation of the mean vector and covariance matrix is of central importance in the analysis of multivariate data. In the framework of generalized linear models, usually the variances are certain functions of the means with the normal…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-25 Anupam Kundu , Mohsen Pourahmadi

Distribution data refers to a data set where each sample is represented as a probability distribution, a subject area receiving burgeoning interest in the field of statistics. Although several studies have developed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-09 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the posterior covariance field in Gaussian processes, with applications to the posterior covariance matrix. The analysis is based on the Gaussian prior covariance but the approach also…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-03 Difeng Cai , Edmond Chow , Yuanzhe Xi

In spatial statistics, it is often assumed that the spatial field of interest is stationary and its covariance has a simple parametric form, but these assumptions are not appropriate in many applications. Given replicate observations of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-14 Brian Kidd , Matthias Katzfuss

Gaussian processes (GPs) are widely used metamodels for approximating expensive computer simulations, particularly in engineering design and spatial prediction. However, their performance can deteriorate significantly when covariance…

Computation · Statistics 2025-11-17 Ayumi Mutoh , Junoh Heo

The paper deals with multivariate Gaussian random fields defined over generalized product spaces that involve the hypertorus. The assumption of Gaussianity implies the finite dimensional distributions to be completely specified by the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-23 François Bachoc , Ana Peron , Emilio Porcu

We describe an approximate statistical model for the sample variance distribution of the non-linear matter power spectrum that can be calibrated from limited numbers of simulations. Our model retains the common assumption of a multivariate…

We consider the computational challenges associated with uncertainty quantification involved in parameter estimation such as seismic slowness and hydraulic transmissivity fields. The reconstruction of these parameters can be mathematically…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Arvind K. Saibaba , Peter K. Kitanidis