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The progress in our understanding of several aspects of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection is reviewed. The focus is on the question of how the Nusselt number and the Reynolds number depend on the Rayleigh number Ra and the Prandtl number…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-13 Guenter Ahlers , Siegfried Grossmann , Detlef Lohse

We show the possibility of quasiperiodic waves at the onset of thermal convection in a thin horizontal layer of slowly rotating zero-Prandtl number Boussinesq fluid confined between stress-free conducting boundaries. Two independent…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-07 Krishna Kumar , Sanjay Chaudhuri , Alaka Das

We derive an improved rigorous bound on the space and time averaged temperature $<T>$ of an infinite Prandtl number Boussinesq fluid contained between isothermal no-slip boundaries thermally driven by uniform internal heating. A novel…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-27 Jared P. Whitehead , Charles R. Doering

Rayleigh-B\'enard cells are one of the simplest systems to explore the laws of natural convection in the highly turbulent limit. However, at very high Rayleigh numbers (Ra > 1E12) and for Prandtl numbers of order one, experiments fall into…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2012-02-14 Philippe-E. Roche , Frédéric Gauthier , Robert Kaiser , Julien Salort

Numerical simulations of rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard convection are presented for both no slip and free slip boundaries. The goal is to find a criterion distinguishing convective flows dominated by the Coriolis force from those nearly…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-19 S. Schmitz , A. Tilgner

The shape of velocity and temperature profiles near the horizontal conducting plates in turbulent Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection are studied numerically and experimentally over the Rayleigh number range $10^8\lesssim…

Many environmental flows arise due to natural convection at a vertical surface, from flows in buildings to dissolving ice faces at marine-terminating glaciers. We use three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of a vertical channel with…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-22 Christopher J. Howland , Chong Shen Ng , Roberto Verzicco , Detlef Lohse

Horizontal Convection (HC) at large Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers, is studied experimentally in a regime up to seven orders of magnitude larger in terms of Rayleigh numbers than previously achieved. To reach Rayleigh up to $10^{17}$, the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-05-01 Pierre-Yves Passaggia , Nadia F. Cohen , Alberto Scotti , Brian L. White

We obtain an analytical bound on the mean vertical convective heat flux $\langle w T \rangle$ between two parallel boundaries driven by uniform internal heating. We consider two configurations, one with both boundaries held at the same…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-03-18 Anuj Kumar , Ali Arslan , Giovanni Fantuzzi , John Craske , Andrew Wynn

The boundary layer structure of the velocity and temperature fields in turbulent Rayleigh-Benard flows in closed cylindrical cells of unit aspect ratio is revisited from a transitional and turbulent viscous boundary layer perspective. When…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-12-30 Jörg Schumacher , Vinodh Bandaru , Ambrish Pandey , Janet D. Scheel

Convection of an internally heated fluid, confined between top and bottom plates of equal temperature, is studied by direct numerical simulation in two and three dimensions. The unstably stratified upper region drives convection that…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-06-30 David Goluskin , Erwin P. van der Poel

We prove a new rigorous upper bound on the vertical heat transport for B\'enard-Marangoni convection of a two- or three-dimensional fluid layer with infinite Prandtl number. Precisely, for Marangoni number $Ma \gg 1$ the Nusselt number $Nu$…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-01-01 Giovanni Fantuzzi , Camilla Nobili , Andrew Wynn

Flows at planetary scales are generally driven by buoyancy and influenced by rotation. Rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RRBC) is a practical and simple model that can be used to describe these systems. In RRBC, thermally induced…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-01 Hannah M. Clercx , Rudie P. J. Kunnen

The onset of convection in the form of magneto-inertial waves in a rotating fluid sphere permeated by a constant axial electric current is studied through a perturbation analysis. Explicit expressions for the dependence of the Rayleigh…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-01-19 Radostin D. Simitev , Friedrich H. Busse

Horizontally extended turbulent convection, termed mesoscale convection in natural systems, remains a challenge to investigate in both experiments and simulations. This is particularly so for very low molecular Prandtl numbers as in stellar…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-09-09 Ambrish Pandey , Dmitry Krasnov , Katepalli R. Sreenivasan , Jörg Schumacher

We present experimental heat transport measurements of turbulent Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection with rotation about a vertical axis. The fluid, water with Prandtl number ($\sigma$) about 6, was confined in a cell which had a square cross…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-13 Yuanming Liu , Robert E. Ecke

The flow of fluid confined between a heated rotating cylinder and a cooled stationary cylinder is a canonical experiment for the study of heat transfer in engineering. The theoretical treatment of this system is greatly simplified if the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-09-15 Jose M. Lopez , Francisco Marques , Marc Avila

We prove a new rigorous bound for the mean convective heat transport $\langle w T \rangle$, where $w$ and $T$ are the nondimensional vertical velocity and temperature, in internally heated convection between an insulating lower boundary and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-22 Ali Arslan , Giovanni Fantuzzi , John Craske , Andrew Wynn

We establish the convergence of statistically invariant states for the stochastic Boussinesq Equations in the infinite Prandtl number limit and in particular demonstrate the convergence of the Nusselt number (a measure of heat transport in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-06-11 Juraj Foldes , Nathan Glatt-Holtz , Geordie Richards

The behaviour of the turbulent Prandtl number ($Pr_t$) for buoyancy-affected flows near a vertical surface is investigated as an extension study of {Gibson \& Leslie, \emph{Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer}, Vol. 11, pp. 73-84 (1984)}. By…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-26 Xiaowei Xu , Andrew S. H. Ooi , Richard D. Sandberg