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We study the class of asynchronous non-uniform cellular automata (ANUCA) over an arbitrary group universe with multiple local transition rules. We introduce the notion of stable injectivity, stable reversibility, stable post-surjectivity…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-03-03 Xuan Kien Phung

For non-uniform cellular automata (NUCA) with finite memory over an arbitrary universe with multiple local transition rules, we show that pointwise nilpotency, pointwise periodicity, and pointwise eventual periodicity properties are…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-10-04 Xuan Kien Phung

This work studies Temporally Non-Uniform Cellular Automata (t-NUCAs), a variant of non-uniform cellular automata, which temporally use two rules in a sequence during their evolution. The one-dimensional t-NUCAs, under finite as well as…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Subrata Paul , Sukanta Das

The dynamical behavior of non-uniform cellular automata is compared with the one of classical cellular automata. Several differences and similarities are pointed out by a series of examples. Decidability of basic properties like…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-07-27 Alberto Dennunzio , Enrico Formenti , Julien Provillard

We produce for arbitrary non-amenable group $G$ and field $K$ a non-pre-injective, surjective linear cellular automaton. This answers positively Open Problem (OP-14) in Ceccherini-Silberstein and Coornaert's monograph "Cellular Automata and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-27 Laurent Bartholdi

Non-uniform cellular automata (NUCA) are an extension of cellular automata (CA), which transform cells according to multiple different local rules. A NUCA is defined by a configuration of local rules called a local rule distribution. We…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Katariina Paturi

For linear non-uniform cellular automata (NUCA) which are local perturbations of linear CA over a group universe $G$ and a finite-dimensional vector space alphabet $V$ over an arbitrary field $k$, we investigate their Dedekind finiteness…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Xuan Kien Phung

This paper explores the algebraic conditions under which a cellular automaton with a non-linear local rule exhibits surjectivity and reversibility. We also analyze the role of permutivity as a key factor influencing these properties and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Firas Ben Ramdhane , Alberto Dennunzio , Luciano Margara , Giuliamaria Menara

Higher-order cellular automata (HOCA) are a variant of cellular automata (CA) used in many applications (ranging, for instance, from the design of secret sharing schemes to data compression and image processing), and in which the global…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Alberto Dennunzio , Enrico Formenti , Luca Manzoni , Luciano Margara , Antonio E. Porreca

We discuss cellular automata over arbitrary finitely generated groups. We call a cellular automaton post-surjective if for any pair of asymptotic configurations, every pre-image of one is asymptotic to a pre-image of the other. The well…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Silvio Capobianco , Jarkko Kari , Siamak Taati

Non-uniform cellular automata (NUCA) are an extension of cellular automata with multiple local rules in different cells. We show that if the distribution of local rules is uniformly recurrent, or recurrent in the one-dimensional case, the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Katariina Paturi , Jarkko Kari

Every transitive cellular automaton (CA) is sensitive to initial conditions. We study this implication in the more general context of non-uniform cellular automata (NUCA) with finitely many different local update rules assigned to cells. We…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Supreeti Kamilya , Jarkko Kari , Katariina Paturi

Topological dynamics of cellular automata (CA), inherited from classical dynamical systems theory, has been essentially studied in dimension 1. This paper focuses on 2D CA and aims at showing that the situation is different and more…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-04-29 Mathieu Sablik , Guillaume Theyssier

We introduce the property of pre-expansivity for cellular automata (CA): it is the property of being expansive on asymptotic pairs of configurations (i.e. configurations that differ in only finitely many positions). Pre-expansivity…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-11-07 A. Gajardo , V. Nesme , Guillaume Theyssier

In this paper we study $\nu$-CA on one-dimensional lattice defined over a finite set of local rules. The main goal is to determine how the local rules can be mixed to ensure the produced $\nu$-CA has some properties. In a first part, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-08-09 Julien Provillard , Enrico Formenti , Alberto Dennunzio

Lattice geometry profoundly shapes physical phenomena such as subsystem symmetry and directed percolation (DP). Among various lattice geometries, hyperbolic lattices are characterized by constant negative curvature and non-Abelian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Xiang-You Huang , Jie-Yu Zhang , Peng Ye

The original local, discrete example of Linear Unitary Cellular Automata (LUCA) is analyzed in terms of a new representation previously introduced in [1] for classical CA. Several important underlying symmetries are reviewed and their tight…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2016-08-22 T. E. Raptis

Neural cellular automata (NCA) provide a lightweight alternative to encoder-decoder segmentation networks. However, it can be difficult to decide when a prediction should be trusted. Here, we study uncertainty estimation for NCA-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Ario Sadafi , Michael Deutges , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) models are trainable variations of traditional Cellular Automata (CA). Emergent motion in the patterns created by NCA has been successfully applied to synthesize dynamic textures. However, the conditions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yitao Xu , Ehsan Pajouheshgar , Sabine Süsstrunk

In this paper we introduce the notion of quasi-expansivity for 2D CA and we show that it shares many properties with expansivity (that holds only for 1D CA). Similarly, we introduce the notions of quasi-sensitivity and prove that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Enrico Formenti , Alberto Dennunzio , Michael Weiss
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