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The process of developing control functions for embedded systems is resource-, time-, and data-intensive, often resulting in sub-optimal cost and solutions approaches. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has great potential for autonomously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Mario Picerno , Lucas Koch , Kevin Badalian , Marius Wegener , Joschka Schaub , Charles Robert Koch , Jakob Andert

Trojan attacks on deep neural networks are both dangerous and surreptitious. Over the past few years, Trojan attacks have advanced from using only a single input-agnostic trigger and targeting only one class to using multiple,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Kien Do , Haripriya Harikumar , Hung Le , Dung Nguyen , Truyen Tran , Santu Rana , Dang Nguyen , Willy Susilo , Svetha Venkatesh

How can we design good goals for arbitrarily intelligent agents? Reinforcement learning (RL) is a natural approach. Unfortunately, RL does not work well for generally intelligent agents, as RL agents are incentivised to shortcut the reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-11 Tom Everitt , Marcus Hutter

With the growth of Renewable Energy (RE) generation, the operation of power grids has become increasingly complex. One solution could be automated grid operation, where Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has repeatedly shown significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Malte Lehna , Clara Holzhüter , Sven Tomforde , Christoph Scholz

Reinforcement learning (RL), in conjunction with attack graphs and cyber terrain, are used to develop reward and state associated with determination of optimal paths for exfiltration of data in enterprise networks. This work builds on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tyler Cody , Abdul Rahman , Christopher Redino , Lanxiao Huang , Ryan Clark , Akshay Kakkar , Deepak Kushwaha , Paul Park , Peter Beling , Edward Bowen

Increased dependence on networked, software based control has escalated the vulnerabilities of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs). Detection and monitoring components developed leveraging dynamical systems theory are often employed as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ipsita Koley , Sunandan Adhikary , Soumyajit Dey

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can achieve state-of-the-art performance in decision-making and continuous control tasks. However, applying RL algorithms on safety-critical systems still needs to be well justified due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Mahmoud Selim , Amr Alanwar , M. Watheq El-Kharashi , Hazem M. Abbas , Karl H. Johansson

The optimization of electrical circuits is a difficult and time-consuming process performed by experts, but also increasingly by sophisticated algorithms. In this paper, a reinforcement learning (RL) approach is adapted to optimize a LLC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Georg Kruse , Dominik Happel , Stefan Ditze , Stefan Ehrlich , Andreas Rosskopf

In recent years, Reinforcement Learning (RL), has become a popular field of study as well as a tool for enterprises working on cutting-edge artificial intelligence research. To this end, many researchers have built RL frameworks such as…

The threat of hardware Trojans (HTs) in security-critical IPs like cryptographic accelerators poses severe security risks. The HT detection methods available today mostly rely on golden models and detailed circuit specifications. Often they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Anna Lena Duque Antón , Johannes Müller , Lucas Deutschmann , Mohammad Rahmani Fadiheh , Dominik Stoffel , Wolfgang Kunz

Recent research has confirmed the feasibility of backdoor attacks in deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems. However, the existing attacks require the ability to arbitrarily modify an agent's observation, constraining the application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Lun Wang , Zaynah Javed , Xian Wu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , Dawn Song

Reinforcement learning (RL) is not yet competitive for many cyber-physical systems, such as robotics, process automation, and power systems, as training on a system with physical components cannot be accelerated, and simulation models do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Philipp Gassert , Matthias Althoff

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is essential for evolving Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents capable of long-horizon planning, yet a practical recipe for scaling RL in complex, multi-turn environments remains elusive. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xixi Wu , Qianguo Sun , Ruiyang Zhang , Chao Song , Junlong Wu , Yiyan Qi , Hong Cheng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

The security of Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) algorithms deployed in real life applications are of a primary concern. In particular, the robustness of RL agents in cyber-physical systems against adversarial attacks are especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Xian Yeow Lee , Aaron Havens , Girish Chowdhary , Soumik Sarkar

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is a promising approach to extend traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods to solve more complex tasks. Yet, the majority of current HRL methods require careful task-specific design and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Ofir Nachum , Shixiang Gu , Honglak Lee , Sergey Levine

In Natural Language Processing (NLP), intelligent neuron models can be susceptible to textual Trojan attacks. Such attacks occur when Trojan models behave normally for standard inputs but generate malicious output for inputs that contain a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Qian Lou , Yepeng Liu , Bo Feng

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been shown to be susceptible to Trojan attacks. Neural Trojan is a type of targeted poisoning attack that embeds the backdoor into the victim and is activated by the trigger in the input space. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Diego Garcia-soto , Huili Chen , Farinaz Koushanfar

Reinforcement learning (RL) is concerned with how intelligence agents take actions in a given environment to maximize the cumulative reward they receive. In healthcare, applying RL algorithms could assist patients in improving their health…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-21 Chengchun Shi

We design a simple reinforcement learning (RL) agent that implements an optimistic version of $Q$-learning and establish through regret analysis that this agent can operate with some level of competence in any environment. While we leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Shi Dong , Benjamin Van Roy , Zhengyuan Zhou