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Knowledge tracing is the task of predicting a learner's future performance based on the history of the learner's performance. Current knowledge tracing models are built based on an extensive set of data that are collected from multiple…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Sujanya Suresh , Savitha Ramasamy , P. N. Suganthan , Cheryl Sze Yin Wong

Knowledge tracing (KT) models, e.g., the deep knowledge tracing (DKT) model, track an individual learner's acquisition of skills over time by examining the learner's performance on questions related to those skills. A practical limitation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Shashank Sonkar , Andrew E. Waters , Andrew S. Lan , Phillip J. Grimaldi , Richard G. Baraniuk

Knowledge tracing (KT) is the task of using students' historical learning interaction data to model their knowledge mastery over time so as to make predictions on their future interaction performance. Recently, remarkable progress has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zitao Liu , Qiongqiong Liu , Jiahao Chen , Shuyan Huang , Jiliang Tang , Weiqi Luo

Knowledge tracing is the task of modeling each student's mastery of knowledge concepts (KCs) as (s)he engages with a sequence of learning activities. Each student's knowledge is modeled by estimating the performance of the student on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Shalini Pandey , George Karypis

Knowledge tracing (KT) is the problem of predicting students' future performance based on their historical interaction sequences. With the advanced capability of capturing contextual long-term dependency, attention mechanism becomes one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Shuyan Huang , Zitao Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Weiqi Luo , Jian Weng

Knowledge Tracing aims to assess student learning states by predicting their performance in answering questions. Different from the existing research which utilizes fixed-length learning sequence to obtain the student states and regards KT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ke Cheng , Linzhi Peng , Pengyang Wang , Junchen Ye , Leilei Sun , Bowen Du

With the continuous deepening and development of the concept of smart education, learners' comprehensive development and individual needs have received increasing attention. However, traditional educational evaluation systems tend to assess…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Zhifeng Wang , Jiaqin Wan , Yang Yang , Chunyan Zeng , Jialiang Shen

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a crucial task in computer-aided education and intelligent tutoring systems, predicting students' performance on new questions from their responses to prior ones. An accurate KT model can capture a student's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Jiajun Cui , Hong Qian , Chanjin Zheng , Lu Wang , Mo Yu , Wei Zhang

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a crucial task in intelligent education, focusing on predicting students' performance on given questions to trace their evolving knowledge. The advancement of deep learning in this field has led to deep-learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiajun Cui , Hong Qian , Bo Jiang , Wei Zhang

In Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), tracing the student's knowledge state during learning has been studied for several decades in order to provide more supportive learning instructions. In this paper, we propose a novel model for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Sein Minn , Yi Yu , Michel C. Desmarais , Feida Zhu , Jill Jenn Vie

In this paper, we study knowledge tracing in the domain of programming education and make two important contributions. First, we harvest and publish so far the most comprehensive dataset, namely BePKT, which covers various online behaviors…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Renyu Zhu , Dongxiang Zhang , Chengcheng Han , Ming Gao , Xuesong Lu , Weining Qian , Aoying Zhou

KnowledgeTracing (KT) involves predicting students' knowledge states based on their interactions with Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). A key challenge is the cold start problem, accurately predicting knowledge for new students with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Indronil Bhattacharjee , Christabel Wayllace

Knowledge Tracing (KT) diagnoses students' concept mastery through continuous learning state monitoring in education.Existing methods primarily focus on studying behavioral sequences based on ID or textual information.While existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Xingcheng Fu , Shengpeng Wang , Yisen Gao , Xianxian Li , Chunpei Li , Qingyun Sun , Dongran Yu

The rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) calls for more reliable evaluation protocols. Existing static benchmarks suffer from the potential risk of data contamination and saturation, leading to inflated or misleading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Junzhe Zhang , Huixuan Zhang , Xiaojun Wan

Knowledge tracing is a technique that predicts students' future performance by analyzing their learning process through historical interactions with intelligent educational platforms, enabling a precise evaluation of their knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zhiyu Chen , Wei Ji , Jing Xiao , Zitao Liu

Deep knowledge tracing models have achieved significant breakthroughs in modeling student learning trajectories. However, these architectures require substantial training time and are prone to overfitting on datasets with short sequences.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Mounir Lbath , Alexandre Parésy , Abdelkayoum Kaddouri , Abdelrahman Zighem , Jill-Jênn Vie

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a critical technique for modeling student knowledge to support personalized learning. However, most KT systems focus on binary correctness prediction and cannot diagnose the underlying conceptual misunderstandings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yu-Chen Kang , Yu-Chien Tang , An-Zi Yen

This study introduces DK-PRACTICE (Dynamic Knowledge Prediction and Educational Content Recommendation System), an intelligent online platform that leverages machine learning to provide personalized learning recommendations based on student…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Marina Delianidi , Konstantinos Diamantaras , Ioannis Moras , Antonis Sidiropoulos

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is to trace the knowledge of students as they solve a sequence of problems represented by their related skills. This involves abstract concepts of students' states of knowledge and the interactions between those…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Jinseok Lee , Dit-Yan Yeung

In the field of intelligent education, knowledge tracing (KT) has attracted increasing attention, which estimates and traces students' mastery of knowledge concepts to provide high-quality education. In KT, there are natural graph…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Rui Luo , Fei Liu , Wenhao Liang , Yuhong Zhang , Chenyang Bu , Xuegang Hu