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We study the observation of stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) made by pulsar-timing arrays in the spherical harmonic space. Instead of using the Shapiro time delay, we keep the Sachs-Wolfe line-of-sight integral for the timing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-14 Guo-Chin Liu , Kin-Wang Ng

We extend our previous work on applying CMB techniques to the mapping of gravitational-wave backgrounds to backgrounds which have non-GR polarisations. Our analysis and results are presented in the context of pulsar-timing array…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-02 Jonathan R. Gair , Joseph D. Romano , Stephen R. Taylor

We discuss the theory of pulsar-timing and astrometry probes of a stochastic gravitational-wave background with a recently developed "total-angular-momentum" (TAM) formalism for cosmological perturbations. We review the formalism,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-02 Wenzer Qin , Kimberly K. Boddy , Marc Kamionkowski , Liang Dai

We searched for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration synthesizing decadal-length pulsar-timing campaigns in North America, Europe,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-12 J. Antoniadis , Z. Arzoumanian , S. Babak , M. Bailes , A. -S. Bak Nielsen , P. T. Baker , C. G. Bassa , B. Becsy , A. Berthereau , M. Bonetti , A. Brazier , P. R. Brook , M. Burgay , S. Burke-Spolaor , R. N. Caballero , J. A. Casey-Clyde , A. Chalumeau , D. J. Champion , M. Charisi , S. Chatterjee , S. Chen , I. Cognard , J. M. Cordes , N. J. Cornish , F. Crawford , H. T. Cromartie , K. Crowter , S. Dai , M. E. DeCesar , P. B. Demorest , G. Desvignes , T. Dolch , B. Drachler , M. Falxa , E. C. Ferrara , W. Fiore , E. Fonseca , J. R. Gair , N. Garver-Daniels , B. Goncharov , D. C. Good , E. Graikou , L. Guillemot , Y. J. Guo , J. S. Hazboun , G. Hobbs , H. Hu , K. Islo , G. H. Janssen , R. J. Jennings , A. D. Johnson , M. L. Jones , A. R. Kaiser , D. L. Kaplan , R. Karuppusamy , M. J. Keith , L. Z. Kelley , M. Kerr , J. S. Key , M. Kramer , M. T. Lam , W. G. Lamb , T. J. W. Lazio , K. J. Lee , L. Lentati , K. Liu , J. Luo , R. S. Lynch , A. G. Lyne , D. R. Madison , R. A. Main , R. N. Manchester , A. McEwen , J. W. McKee , M. A. McLaughlin , M. B. Mickaliger , C. M. F. Mingarelli , C. Ng , D. J. Nice , S. Os lowski , A. Parthasarathy , T. T. Pennucci , B. B. P. Perera , D. Perrodin , A. Petiteau , N. S. Pol , N. K. Porayko , A. Possenti , S. M. Ransom , P. S. Ray , D. J. Reardon , C. J. Russell , A. Samajdar , L. M. Sampson , S. Sanidas , J. M. Sarkissian , K. Schmitz , L. Schult , A. Sesana , G. Shaifullah , R. M. Shannon , B. J. Shapiro-Albert , X. Siemens , J. Simon , T. L. Smith , L. Speri , R. Spiewak , I. H. Stairs , B. W. Stappers , D. R. Stinebring , J. K. Swiggum , S. R. Taylor , G. Theureau , C. Tiburzi , M. Vallisneri , E. van der Wateren , A. Vecchio , J. P. W. Verbiest , S. J. Vigeland , H. Wahl , J. B. Wang , J. Wang , L. Wang , C. A. Witt , S. Zhang , X. J. Zhu

Arrays of precisely-timed millisecond pulsars are used to search for gravitational waves with periods of months to decades. Gravitational waves affect the path of radio pulses propagating from a pulsar to Earth, causing the arrival times of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-13 Stephen R. Taylor

Pulsar timing, i.e. the analysis of the arrival times of pulses from a pulsar, is a powerful tool in modern astrophysics. It allows us to measure the time delays of an electromagnetic signal caused by a number of physical processes as the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-04 Konstantin A. Postnov , Nataliya K. Porayko , Maxim S. Pshirkov

The stochastic gravitational wave background for pulsar timing arrays is often modeled by a Gaussian ensemble which is isotropic and unpolarized. However, the Universe has a discrete set of polarized gravitational wave sources at specific…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-02 Bruce Allen , Serena Valtolina

The opening of the gravitational wave window by ground-based laser interferometers has made possible many new tests of gravity, including the first constraints on polarization. It is hoped that within the next decade pulsar timing will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-09 Neil J. Cornish , Logan O'Beirne , Stephen R. Taylor , Nicolas Yunes

We search for isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) in the International Pulsar Timing Array second data release. By modeling the SGWB as a power-law, we find very strong Bayesian evidence for a common-spectrum process,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Zu-Cheng Chen , Yu-Mei Wu , Qing-Guo Huang

We consider the effects of relaxing the assumption that gravitational waves composing the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) are uncorrelated between frequencies in analyses of the data from Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). While…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-30 Wayne Hu , Qiuyue Liang , Meng-Xiang Lin , Mark Trodden

Pulsar timing now has a rich history in placing limits on the stochastic background of gravitational waves, and we plan soon to reach the sensitivity where we can detect, not just place limits on, the stochastic background. However, the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Andrea N. Lommen

Pulsar timing arrays have reported a compelling evidence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background. However, the origin of the signal remains undetermined, largely because its spectrum is bluer for an astrophysical source and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-05 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are in the near future expected to detect a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by a population of inspiralling super-massive black hole binaries. In this work, we consider a background that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski

A successful measurement of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) in Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) would open up a new window through which to test the predictions of General Relativity (GR). We consider how these measurements…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-29 Qiuyue Liang , Meng-Xiang Lin , Mark Trodden

Searches for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using pulsar timing arrays look for correlations in the timing residuals induced by the background across the pulsars in the array. The correlation signature of an isotropic,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-30 Fredrick A. Jenet , Joseph D. Romano

Pulsar timing experiments are reaching sufficient sensitivity to detect a postulated stochastic gravitational wave background generated by merging supermassive black hole systems in the cores of galaxies. We describe the techniques behind…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 G. Hobbs

Precision timing of highly stable milli-second pulsars is a promising technique for the detection of very low frequency sources of gravitational waves. In any single pulsar, a stochastic gravitational wave signal appears as an additional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-01 Neil J. Cornish , Laura M. Sampson

Within the next several years, pulsar-timing array programs will likely usher in the next era of gravitational-wave astronomy through the detection of a stochastic background of nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves, originating from a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-21 Stephen R. Taylor , Rutger van Haasteren , Alberto Sesana

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are seeking gravitational waves from supermassive-black-hole binaries, and there are prospects to complement these searches with stellar-astrometry measurements. Theorists still disagree, however, as to whether…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-19 Selim C. Hotinli , Marc Kamionkowski , Andrew H. Jaffe

We present the results of simulated injections testing the first Bayesian search-pipeline capable of investigating the angular-structure of a gravitational-wave (GW) background influencing pulsar signals. A stochastic background of GWs from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-30 Stephen R. Taylor , Jonathan R. Gair