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Recommender systems are central to modern online platforms, but a popular concern is that they may be pulling society in dangerous directions (e.g., towards filter bubbles). However, a challenge with measuring the effects of recommender…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Serina Chang , Johan Ugander

The pursuit of improved accuracy in recommender systems has led to the incorporation of user context. Context-aware recommender systems typically handle large amounts of data which must be uploaded and stored on the cloud, putting the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Benu Madhab Changmai , Divija Nagaraju , Debi Prasanna Mohanty , Kriti Singh , Kunal Bansal , Sukumar Moharana

Recommender systems help users to find their appropriate items among large volumes of information. Different types of recommender systems have been proposed. Among these, context-aware recommender systems aim at personalizing as much as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Zahra Vahidi Ferdousi , Dario Colazzo , Elsa Negre

Causal inference is the process of estimating the effect or impact of a treatment on an outcome with other covariates as potential confounders (and mediators) that may need to be controlled. The vast majority of existing methods and systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Arun S. Maiya

The convenient access to copious multi-faceted data has encouraged machine learning researchers to reconsider correlation-based learning and embrace the opportunity of causality-based learning, i.e., causal machine learning (causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Lu Cheng , Ruocheng Guo , Raha Moraffah , Paras Sheth , K. Selcuk Candan , Huan Liu

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in causal reasoning for designing fair decision-making systems due to its compatibility with legal frameworks, interpretability for human stakeholders, and robustness to spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Aida Rahmattalabi , Alice Xiang

Evaluating the causal effect of recommendations is an important objective because the causal effect on user interactions can directly leads to an increase in sales and user engagement. To select an optimal recommendation model, it is common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Masahiro Sato

This paper proposes a causal inference relation and causal programming as general frameworks for causal inference with structural causal models. A tuple, $\langle M, I, Q, F \rangle$, is an instance of the relation if a formula, $F$,…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-08 Joshua Brulé

Causal understanding is important in many disciplines of science and engineering, where we seek to understand how different factors in the system causally affect an experiment or situation and pave a pathway towards creating effective or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Miguel Arana-Catania , Weisi Guo

Recommender systems have been widely applied to assist user's decision making by providing a list of personalized item recommendations. Context-aware recommender systems (CARS) additionally take context information into considering in the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Yong Zheng

Recommender systems usually learn user interests from various user behaviors, including clicks and post-click behaviors (e.g., like and favorite). However, these behaviors inevitably exhibit popularity bias, leading to some unfairness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Xi Wang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Wenge Rong , Chuantao Yin , Zhang Xiong

Recommender systems are one of the most applied methods in machine learning and find applications in many areas, ranging from economics to the Internet of things. This article provides a general overview of modern approaches to recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Irina Beregovskaya , Mikhail Koroteev

Unobserved confounding arises when an unmeasured feature influences both the treatment and the outcome, leading to biased causal effect estimates. This issue undermines observational studies in fields like economics, medicine, ecology or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Alexander Merkov , David Rohde , Alexandre Gilotte , Benjamin Heymann

With the prevalence of deep learning based embedding approaches, recommender systems have become a proven and indispensable tool in various information filtering applications. However, many of them remain difficult to diagnose what aspects…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Yao Zhou , Haonan Wang , Jingrui He , Haixun Wang

With the remarkable increase in the number of scientific entities such as publications, researchers, and scientific topics, and the associated information overload in science, academic recommender systems have become increasingly important…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Michael Färber , Melissa Coutinho , Shuzhou Yuan

Machine learning algorithms are designed to capture complex relationships between features. In this context, the high dimensionality of data often results in poor model performance, with the risk of overfitting. Feature selection, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Paolo Bonetti , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

Causal inference is the process of using assumptions, study designs, and estimation strategies to draw conclusions about the causal relationships between variables based on data. This allows researchers to better understand the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Anpeng Wu , Kun Kuang , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu

Novel data sources bring new opportunities to improve the quality of recommender systems and serve as a catalyst for the creation of new paradigms on personalized recommendations. Impressions are a novel data source containing the items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Fernando B. Pérez Maurera , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema , Pablo Castells , Paolo Cremonesi

Causal inference is a science with multi-disciplinary evolution and applications. On the one hand, it measures effects of treatments in observational data based on experimental designs and rigorous statistical inference to draw causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Jingying Zeng , Run Wang

The goal of causal inference is to understand the outcome of alternative courses of action. However, all causal inference requires assumptions. Such assumptions can be more influential than in typical tasks for probabilistic modeling, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-31 Dustin Tran , Francisco J. R. Ruiz , Susan Athey , David M. Blei
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