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Complex systems, such as life and languages, are governed by principles of evolution. The analogy and comparison between biology and linguistics\cite{alphafold2, RoseTTAFold, lang_virus, cell language, faculty1, language of gene, Protein…
An increase in diverse technology stacks and third-party library usage has led developers to inevitably switch technologies. To assist these developers, maintainers have started to release their libraries to multiple technologies, i.e., a…
R/qtl is an R package for mapping quantitative trait loci (genetic loci that contribute to variation in quantitative traits) in experimental crosses. Its development began in 2000. There have been 38 software releases since 2001. The latest…
Current research on large language models (LLMs) with retrieval-augmented code generation (RACG) has largely focused on single-language settings, leaving their cross-lingual effectiveness underexplored. Multilingual RACG systems are…
This article explores the role of unrecognised labour in corporate innovation systems via an analysis of researcher coding and discursive contributions to R, one of the largest statistical software ecosystems. Studies of online platforms…
Language change is influenced by many factors, but often starts from synchronic variation, where multiple linguistic patterns or forms coexist, or where different speech communities use language in increasingly different ways. Besides…
Traditionally, statistical computing courses have taught the syntax of a particular programming language or specific statistical computation methods. Since the publication of Nolan and Temple Lang (2010), we have seen a greater emphasis on…
The automatic generation of computer programs is one of the main applications with practical relevance in the field of evolutionary computation. With program synthesis techniques not only software developers could be supported in their…
Reproducibility is inseparable from transparency, as sharing data, code and computational environment is a pre-requisite for being able to retrace the steps of producing the research results. Others have made the case that this artifact…
The explosive rate of information growth and availability often makes it increasingly difficult to locate information pertinent to your needs. These problems are often compounded when keyword based search methodologies are not adequate for…
With the growth of natural language processing techniques and demand for improved software engineering efficiency, there is an emerging interest in translating intention from human languages to programming languages. In this survey paper,…
Context: Technical Debt is a metaphor used to describe code that is "not quite right." Although TD studies have gained momentum, TD has yet to be studied as thoroughly in non-Object-Oriented (OO) or scientific software such as R. R is a…
Existing innovation metrics inadequately capture software innovation, creating blind spots for researchers and policymakers seeking to understand and foster technological innovation in an increasingly software-defined economy. This paper…
The recent advancements in Transformer-based Language Models have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the multilingual capabilities of these models. The remarkable progress made in this domain not only applies to natural…
Languages and genes are both transmitted from generation to generation, with opportunity for differential reproduction and survivorship of forms. Here we apply a rigorous inference framework, drawn from population genetics, to distinguish…
Regular expressions cause string-related bugs and open security vulnerabilities for DOS attacks. However, beyond ReDoS (Regular expression Denial of Service), little is known about the extent to which regular expression issues affect…
Large language models (LLMs) for code generation are becoming integral to modern software development, but their real-world prevalence and security impact remain poorly understood. We present the first large-scale empirical study of…
Python is a popular, widely used, and general-purpose programming language. In spite of its ever-growing community, researchers have not performed much analysis on Python's topics, trends, and technologies which provides insights for…
Context: Reactive programming (RP) is a declarative programming paradigm suitable for expressing the handling of events. It enables programmers to create applications that react automatically to changes over time. Whenever a time-varying…
Computer programming initially required humans to directly translate their goals into machine code. These goals could have easily been expressed as a written (or human) language directive. Computers, however, had no capacity to…