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For autonomous vehicles integrating onto roadways with human traffic participants, it requires understanding and adapting to the participants' intention and driving styles by responding in predictable ways without explicit communication.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Zhitao Wang , Yuzheng Zhuang , Qiang Gu , Dong Chen , Hongbo Zhang , Wulong Liu

Scalable multi-agent driving simulation requires behavior models that are both realistic and computationally efficient. We address this by optimizing the behavior model that controls individual traffic participants. To improve efficiency,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Fabian Konstantinidis , Moritz Sackmann , Ulrich Hofmann , Christoph Stiller

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be considered as a sequence modeling task: given a sequence of past state-action-reward experiences, an agent predicts a sequence of next actions. In this work, we propose State-Action-Reward Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Jinghuan Shang , Kumara Kahatapitiya , Xiang Li , Michael S. Ryoo

Sampling-based trajectory planners are widely used for agile autonomous driving due to their ability to generate fast, smooth, and kinodynamically feasible trajectories. However, their behavior is often governed by a cost function with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alexander Langmann , Yevhenii Tokarev , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Johannes Betz

Many robotic applications require the agent to perform long-horizon tasks in partially observable environments. In such applications, decision making at any step can depend on observations received far in the past. Hence, being able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Kuan Fang , Alexander Toshev , Li Fei-Fei , Silvio Savarese

Most traffic flow control algorithms address switching cycle adaptation of traffic signals and lights. This work addresses traffic flow optimisation by self-organising micro-level control combining Reinforcement Learning and rule-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Stefan Bosse

This study examines the potential impact of reinforcement learning (RL)-enabled autonomous vehicles (AV) on urban traffic flow in a mixed traffic environment. We focus on a simplified day-to-day route choice problem in a multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ahmet Onur Akman , Anastasia Psarou , Zoltán György Varga , Grzegorz Jamróz , Rafał Kucharski

Reinforcement learning for training end-to-end autonomous driving models in closed-loop simulations is gaining growing attention. However, most simulation environments differ significantly from real-world conditions, creating a substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Chaojun Ni , Guosheng Zhao , Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Wenkang Qin , Xinze Chen , Guanghong Jia , Guan Huang , Wenjun Mei

Training intelligent agents that can drive autonomously in various urban and highway scenarios has been a hot topic in the robotics society within the last decades. However, the diversity of driving environments in terms of road topology…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Behrad Toghi , Rodolfo Valiente , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

Reinforcement learning (RL) holds significant promise for adaptive traffic signal control. While existing RL-based methods demonstrate effectiveness in reducing vehicular congestion, their predominant focus on vehicle-centric optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Bibek Poudel , Xuan Wang , Weizi Li , Lei Zhu , Kevin Heaslip

Recent advances in supervised learning and reinforcement learning have provided new opportunities to apply related methodologies to automated driving. However, there are still challenges to achieve automated driving maneuvers in dynamically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Fei Ye , Pin Wang , Ching-Yao Chan , Jiucai Zhang

Objects in a scene are not always related. The execution efficiency of the one-stage scene graph generation approaches are quite high, which infer the effective relation between entity pairs using sparse proposal sets and a few queries.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Yuxiang Zhang , Zhenbo Liu , Shuai Wang

Autonomous racing presents unique challenges due to its non-linear dynamics, the high speed involved, and the critical need for real-time decision-making under dynamic and unpredictable conditions. Most traditional Reinforcement Learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Benedict Hildisch , Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Cheng Hu , Andrea Carron , Michele Magno

To develop driving automation technologies for human, a human-centered methodology should be adopted for ensured safety and satisfactory user experience. Automated lane change decision in dense highway traffic is challenging, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Daofei Li , Ao Liu

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) decision making in urban environments is inherently challenging due to the dynamic interactions with surrounding vehicles. For safe planning, AV must understand the weightage of various spatiotemporal interactions in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jayabrata Chowdhury , Venkataramanan Shivaraman , Sumit Dangi , Suresh Sundaram , P. B. Sujit

Model free reinforcement learning (RL) provides a potential alternative to earlier formulations of adaptive transit signal priority (TSP) algorithms based on mathematical programming that require complex and nonlinear objective functions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Dickness Kwesiga , Angshuman Guin , Michael Hunter

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) poses a significant and challenging problem critical for applications in robotics and logistics, particularly due to its combinatorial complexity and the partial observability inherent in realistic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Merve Atasever , Matthew Hong , Mihir Nitin Kulkarni , Qingpei Li , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Learning-based approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL) and imitation learning (IL), have indicated superiority over rule-based approaches in complex urban autonomous driving environments, showing great potential to make intelligent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Haochen Liu , Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) trains a constraint satisfaction policy by interacting with the environment. We aim to tackle a more challenging problem: learning a safe policy from an offline dataset. We study the offline safe RL problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Zuxin Liu , Zijian Guo , Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Wenhao Yu , Tingnan Zhang , Ding Zhao

Autonomous driving faces challenges in navigating complex real-world traffic, requiring safe handling of both common and critical scenarios. Reinforcement learning (RL), a prominent method in end-to-end driving, enables agents to learn…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ahmed Abouelazm , Johannes Ratz , Philip Schörner , J. Marius Zöllner