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We generalise gauge theory on a graph so that the gauge group becomes a finite-dimensional ribbon Hopf algebra, the graph becomes a ribbon graph, and gauge-theoretic concepts such as connections, gauge transformations and observables are…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Catherine Meusburger , Derek K. Wise

A connected graph can be associated with two distinct evolution algebras. In the first case, the structural matrix is the adjacency matrix of the graph itself. In the second case, the structural matrix is the transition probabilities matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-22 Paula Cadavid , Mary Luz Rodiño Montoya , Pablo M. Rodriguez , Sebastian J. Vidal

We define a new graph invariant called the scramble number. We show that the scramble number of a graph is a lower bound for the gonality and an upper bound for the treewidth. Unlike the treewidth, the scramble number is not minor monotone,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-08 Michael Harp , Elijah Jackson , David Jensen , Noah Speeter

We formulate the notion of an isomorphism of GKM graphs. We then show that two GKM graphs have isomorphic graph equivariant cohomology algebras if and only if the graphs are isomorphic.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Matthias Franz , Hitoshi Yamanaka

Recently the duality map between electric-like asymptotic charges of $p$-form gauge theories is studied. The outcome is an existence and uniqueness theorem and the topological nature of the duality map. The goal of this work is to extend…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Federico Manzoni

An arithmetical structure on a graph is given by a labeling of the vertices which satisfies certain divisibility properties. In this note, we look at several families of graphs and attempt to give counts on the number of arithmetical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Darren Glass , Joshua Wagner

We produce a complete descrption of the lattice of gauge-invariant ideals in $C^*(\Lambda)$ for a finitely aligned $k$-graph $\Lambda$. We provide a condition on $\Lambda$ under which every ideal is gauge-invariant. We give conditions on…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aidan Sims

In this paper we study free actions of groups on separated graphs and their \cstar{}algebras, generalizing previous results involving ordinary (directed) graphs. We prove a version of the Gross-Tucker Theorem for separated graphs yielding a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Pere Ara , Alcides Buss , Ado Dalla Costa

For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-12-10 Tai Tsun Wu , Sau Lan Wu

We consider the problem of identifying exactly which AF-algebras are isomorphic to a graph C*-algebra. We prove that any separable, unital, Type I C*-algebra with finitely many ideals is isomorphic to a graph C*-algebra. This result allows…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2013-08-26 Soren Eilers , Takeshi Katsura , Efren Ruiz , Mark Tomforde

We study the inertia of distance matrices of weighted graphs. Our novel congruence-based proof of the inertia of weighted trees extends to a proof for the inertia of weighted unicyclic graphs whose cycle is a triangle. Partial results are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Jeffrey Cheng , Ian Malcolm Johnson McInnis , Matthew Yee

A universal C*-algebra of gauge invariant operators is presented, describing the electromagnetic field as well as operations creating pairs of static electric charges having opposite signs. Making use of Gauss' law, it is shown that the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Detlev Buchholz , Fabio Ciolli , Giuseppe Ruzzi , Ezio Vasselli

This paper concerns the tau constant, which is an important invariant of a metrized graph, and which has applications to arithmetic properties of curves. We give several formulas for the tau constant, and show how it changes under graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-14 Zubeyir Cinkir

Firstly, for a general graph, we find a recursion formula on the number of Hamiltonian cycles and one on cycles. By this result, we give some new polynomial invariants. Secondly, we give a condition to tell whether a polynomial defined by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Yi Bo

Let $\mathcal{G}$ be an ultragraph and let $C^*(\mathcal{G})$ be the associated $C^*$-algebra introduced by Mark Tomforde. For any gauge invariant ideal $I_{(H,B)}$ of $C^*(\mathcal{G})$, we analyze the structure of the quotient…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2017-01-04 Hossein Larki

Courcelle's Theorem states that on graphs $G$ of tree-width at most $k$ with a given tree-decomposition of size $t(G)$, graph properties $\mathcal{P}$ definable in Monadic Second Order Logic can be checked in linear time in the size of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yuval Filmus , Johann A. Makowsky

We describe how noncommutative function algebras built from noncommutative functions in the sense of \cite{K-VV2014} may be studied as subalgebras of homogeneous $C^{*}$-algebras.

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2015-11-02 Erin Griesenauer , Paul S. Muhly , Baruch Solel

A consistent path system in a graph $G$ is an intersection-closed collection of paths, with exactly one path between any two vertices in $G$. We call $G$ metrizable if every consistent path system in it is the system of geodesic paths…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Maria Chudnovsky , Daniel Cizma , Nati Linial

We give two new conditions on topological $k$-graphs that are equivalent to the Yeend's aperiodicity Condition (A). Each of the new conditions concerns finite paths rather than infinite. We use a specific example, resulting from a new…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2012-10-17 Sarah Wright

We construct uncountably many mutually nonisomorphic simple separable stably finite unital exact C$^\ast$-algebras which are not isomorphic to their opposite algebras. In particular, we prove that there are uncountably many possibilities…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-02-14 N. Christopher Phillips , Maria Grazia Viola