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This paper introduces a novel Laplacian matrix aiming to enable the construction of spectral convolutional networks and to extend the signal processing applications for directed graphs. Our proposal is inspired by a Haar-like transformation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Theodor-Adrian Badea , Bogdan Dumitrescu

The spectral properties of signed directed graphs, which may be naturally obtained by assigning a sign to each edge of a directed graph, have received substantially less attention than those of their undirected and/or unsigned counterparts.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-12 Pepijn Wissing , Edwin R. van Dam

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and its variants are designed for unsigned graphs containing only positive links. Many existing GCNs have been derived from the spectral domain analysis of signals lying over (unsigned) graphs and in each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Rahul Singh , Yongxin Chen

Signed and directed networks are ubiquitous in real-world applications. However, there has been relatively little work proposing spectral graph neural networks (GNNs) for such networks. Here we introduce a signed directed Laplacian matrix,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-30 Yixuan He , Michael Permultter , Gesine Reinert , Mihai Cucuringu

Real-world data is often represented through the relationships between data samples, forming a graph structure. In many applications, it is necessary to learn this graph structure from the observed data. Current graph learning research has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-15 Abdullah Karaaslanli , Bisakh Banerjee , Tapabrata Maiti , Selin Aviyente

The prevalence of graph-based data has spurred the rapid development of graph neural networks (GNNs) and related machine learning algorithms. Yet, despite the many datasets naturally modeled as directed graphs, including citation, website,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Xitong Zhang , Yixuan He , Nathan Brugnone , Michael Perlmutter , Matthew Hirn

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have been widely used due to their outstanding performance in processing graph-structured data. However, the undirected graphs limit their application scope. In this paper, we extend spectral-based graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Zekun Tong , Yuxuan Liang , Changsheng Sun , David S. Rosenblum , Andrew Lim

A signed graph (SG) is a graph where edges carry sign information attached to it. The sign of a network can be positive, negative, or neutral. A signed network is ubiquitous in a real-world network like social networks, citation networks,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Shrabani Ghosh

Transformers were originally proposed as a sequence-to-sequence model for text but have become vital for a wide range of modalities, including images, audio, video, and undirected graphs. However, transformers for directed graphs are a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Simon Geisler , Yujia Li , Daniel Mankowitz , Ali Taylan Cemgil , Stephan Günnemann , Cosmin Paduraru

Graph convolutional networks(GCNs) have become the most popular approaches for graph data in these days because of their powerful ability to extract features from graph. GCNs approaches are divided into two categories, spectral-based and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Yi Ma , Jianye Hao , Yaodong Yang , Han Li , Junqi Jin , Guangyong Chen

It has been shown that the adjacency eigenspace of a network contains key information of its underlying structure. However, there has been no study on spectral analysis of the adjacency matrices of directed signed graphs. In this paper, we…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Yuemeng Li , Xintao Wu , Aidong Lu

A signed graph is a graph whose edges are labeled either positive or negative. Corresponding to the two signed distance matrices defined for signed graphs, we define two signed distance laplacian matrices. We characterize balance in signed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-12 Roshni T Roy , K A Germina , K Shahul Hameed , Thomas Zaslavsky

Graph contrastive learning has become a powerful technique for several graph mining tasks. It learns discriminative representation from different perspectives of augmented graphs. Ubiquitous in our daily life, singed-directed graphs are the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Taewook Ko , Yoonhyuk Choi , Chong-Kwon Kim

Signed graphs are graphs with signed edges. They are commonly used to represent positive and negative relationships in social networks. While balance theory and clusterizable graphs deal with signed graphs to represent social interactions,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-05-21 Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Christopher Thraves

Accurately reconstructing Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) is crucial for understanding gene functions and disease mechanisms. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provides vast data for computational GRN reconstruction. Since…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Rijie Xi , Weikang Xu , Wei Xiong , Yuannong Ye , Bin Zhao

Signed graphs are an emergent way of representing data in a variety of contexts where antagonistic interactions exist. These include data from biological, ecological, and social systems. Here we propose the concept of communicability for…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Fernando Diaz-Diaz , Ernesto Estrada

The $\alpha$-Hermitian adjacency matrix $H_\alpha$ of a mixed graph $X$ has been recently introduced. It is a generalization of the adjacency matrix of unoriented graphs. In this paper, we consider a special case of the complex number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-26 Omar Alomari , Mohammad Abudayah , Manal Ghanem

Graph clustering is a fundamental technique in data analysis with applications in many different fields. While there is a large body of work on clustering undirected graphs, the problem of clustering directed graphs is much less understood.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-31 James Martin , Tim Rogers , Luca Zanetti

A mixed graph is obtained from a graph by orienting some of its edges. The Hermitian adjacency matrix of a mixed graph with the vertex set $ \{v_{1}, \ldots , v_{n}\} $, is the matrix $ H=[h_{ij}]_{n \times n} $, where $ h_{ij}=-h_{ji}=i $…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-12 S. Akbari , A. Ghafari , M. Nahvi , M. A. Nematollahi

In graph signal processing, many studies assume that the underlying network is undirected. Although the digraph model is rarely adopted, it is more appropriate for many applications, especially for real world networks. In this paper, we…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Fang-Jia Yan , Bing-Zhao Li
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