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Since the rise of neural natural-language-to-code models (NL->Code) that can generate long expressions and statements rather than a single next-token, one of the major problems has been reliably evaluating their generated output. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shuyan Zhou , Uri Alon , Sumit Agarwal , Graham Neubig

Code generation, the task of creating executable programs from natural language requirements, has recently seen tremendous advances through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, which enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to develop high-level…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shuzheng Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Michael R. Lyu

The prevalent use of Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) in Large Language Models (LLMs) facilitates robust handling of subword units and avoids issues of out-of-vocabulary words. Despite its success, a critical challenge persists: long tokens, rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Haoran Lian , Yizhe Xiong , Zijia Lin , Jianwei Niu , Shasha Mo , Hui Chen , Peng Liu , Guiguang Ding

Semantic code search, which aims to retrieve code snippets relevant to a given natural language query, has attracted many research efforts with the purpose of accelerating software development. The huge amount of online publicly available…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Hao Wang , Jia Zhang , Yingce Xia , Jiang Bian , Chao Zhang , Tie-Yan Liu

Foundation models (e.g., CodeBERT, GraphCodeBERT, CodeT5) work well for many software engineering tasks. These models are pre-trained (using self-supervision) with billions of code tokens, and then fine-tuned with hundreds of thousands of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Toufique Ahmed , Premkumar Devanbu

This paper presents a novel semantic-enhanced decoding scheme for transmitting natural language sentences with multiple short block codes over noisy wireless channels. After ASCII source coding, the natural language sentence message is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-15 Jiafu Hao , Chentao Yue , Hao Chang , Branka Vucetic , Yonghui Li

Retrieval over large codebases is a key component of modern LLM-based software engineering systems. Existing approaches predominantly rely on dense embedding models, while learned sparse retrieval (LSR) remains largely unexplored for code.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Simon Lupart , Maxime Louis , Thibault Formal , Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

Polar codes are the first codes with a proven capacity-achieving capability, but their decoding faces several challenges, especially under long code lengths. In this paper, we target algorithmic improvements and analyses to enable the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiajie Li , Sihui Shen , Warren J. Gross

Retrieval-based code question answering seeks to match user queries in natural language to relevant code snippets. Previous approaches typically rely on pretraining models using crafted bi-modal and uni-modal datasets to align text and code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zehan Li , Jianfei Zhang , Chuantao Yin , Yuanxin Ouyang , Wenge Rong

We study retrieval design for code-focused generation tasks under realistic compute budgets. Using two complementary tasks from Long Code Arena -- code completion and bug localization -- we systematically compare retrieval configurations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Timur Galimzyanov , Olga Kolomyttseva , Egor Bogomolov

Recent studies have shown that code language models at scale demonstrate significant performance gains on downstream tasks, i.e., code generation. However, most of the existing works on code representation learning train models at a hundred…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Dejiao Zhang , Wasi Ahmad , Ming Tan , Hantian Ding , Ramesh Nallapati , Dan Roth , Xiaofei Ma , Bing Xiang

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLM) have achieved remarkable successes in several domains. However, code-oriented LLMs are heavy in computational complexity, and quadratically with the length of the input. Toward simplifying the input…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yan Wang , Xiaoning Li , Tien Nguyen , Shaohua Wang , Chao Ni , Ling Ding

Pre-trained models of source code have recently been successfully applied to a wide variety of Software Engineering tasks; they have also seen some practical adoption in practice, e.g. for code completion. Yet, we still know very little…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Anjan Karmakar , Romain Robbes

Streamliner constraints reduce the search space of combinatorial problems by ruling out portions of the solution space. We adapt the StreamLLM approach, which uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate streamliners for Constraint…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Florentina Voboril , Martin Gebser , Stefan Szeider , Alice Tarzariol

Pre-tokenization, the initial step in many modern tokenization pipelines, segments text into smaller units called pretokens, typically splitting on whitespace and punctuation. While this process encourages having full, individual words as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Craig W. Schmidt , Varshini Reddy , Chris Tanner , Yuval Pinter

Much of software-engineering research relies on the naturalness of code, the fact that code, in small code snippets, is repetitive and can be predicted using statistical language models like n-gram. Although powerful, training such models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Ahmed Khanfir , Matthieu Jimenez , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

We present an architecture that is effective for continual learning in an especially demanding setting, where task boundaries do not exist or are unknown, and where classes have to be learned online (with each example presented only once).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Murray Shanahan , Christos Kaplanis , Jovana Mitrović

Most prior work in the sequence-to-sequence paradigm focused on datasets with input sequence lengths in the hundreds of tokens due to the computational constraints of common RNN and Transformer architectures. In this paper, we study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-20 Yao Zhao , Mohammad Saleh , Peter J. Liu

Despite the success of text retrieval in many NLP tasks, code retrieval remains a largely underexplored area. Most text retrieval systems are tailored for natural language queries, often neglecting the specific challenges of retrieving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ye Liu , Rui Meng , Shafiq Joty , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in code generation tasks. However, there remains a performance gap between open-source and closed-source models. To address this gap, existing approaches typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang