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Ray tracing is a widely used deterministic method for radio propagation simulations, capable of producing physically accurate multipath components. The accuracy depends on the quality of the environment model and its electromagnetic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Niklas Vaara , Pekka Sangi , Miguel Bordallo López , Janne Heikkilä

Sub-surface scattering is key to our perception of translucent materials. Models based on diffusion theory are used to render such materials in a realistic manner by evaluating an approximation of the material BSSRDF at any two points of…

Graphics · Computer Science 2016-09-08 Etienne Ferrier

Diffusion Models are probabilistic models that create realistic samples by simulating the diffusion process, gradually adding and removing noise from data. These models have gained popularity in domains such as image processing, speech…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Md Manjurul Ahsan , Shivakumar Raman , Yingtao Liu , Zahed Siddique

A multi-scale model is presented for predicting the magnitude and rate of powder blending in a rotating drum blender. The model combines particle diffusion coefficient correlations from the literature with advective flow field information…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-04-09 Yu Liu , Marcial Gonzalez , Carl Wassgren

Scattering hinders the passage of light through random media and consequently limits the usefulness of optical techniques for sensing and imaging. Thus, methods for increasing the transmission of light through such random media are of…

Optics · Physics 2014-06-23 Curtis Jin , Raj Rao Nadakuditi , Eric Michielssen , Stephen Rand

Ninety years after their prediction, quantum vacuum nonlinearities in macroscopic electromagnetic fields still await a direct experimental verification in the laboratory. A particularly promising route towards their first measurement is the…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-20 Aimé Matheron , Michal Šmíd , Matt Zepf , Felix Karbstein

Spherical multi-layered structures are prevalent in numerous biological systems and engineered applications, including tumor spheroids, layered tissues, and multi-shell nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Despite their widespread…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Mitra Rezaei , Michael Chappell , Adam Noel

In this paper, we derive an effective model for transport processes in periodically perforated elastic media, taking into account, e.g., cyclic elastic deformations as they occur in lung tissue due to respiratory movement. The underlying…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Jonas Knoch , Markus Gahn , Maria Neuss-Radu , Nicolas Neuß

We present a method to measure the spectrally-resolved transmission matrix of a multiply scattering medium, thus allowing for the deterministic spatiospectral control of a broadband light source by means of wavefront shaping. As a…

In this tutorial paper, we consider the problem of electromagnetic scattering by a bounded two-dimensional dielectric object, and discuss certain interesting properties of the scattered field. Using the electric field integral equation,…

Optics · Physics 2015-07-08 Uday K. Khankhoje , Kushal Shah

Non-invasive detection of objects embedded inside an optically scattering medium is essential for numerous applications in engineering and sciences. However, in most applications light at visible or near-infrared wavebands is scattered by…

Ray-tracing (RT) has become central to site-specific electromagnetic propagation modeling in dynamic complex environments. Yet its computational burden grows sharply as high-fidelity digital twins of these environments scale to millions of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Giacomo Melloni , Enrico M. Vitucci , Vittorio Degli Esposti , Samuel Berweger , Jack Chuang , Camillo Gentile , Nada Golmie

Star test polarimetry is an imaging polarimetry technique in which an element with spatially-varying birefringence is placed in the pupil plane to encode polarization information into the point-spread function (PSF) of an imaging system. In…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Anthony Vella , Miguel A. Alonso

In this paper we develop a new statistical model for the irradiance fluctuations of an unbounded optical wavefront (plane and spherical waves) propagating through a turbulent medium under all irradiance fluctuation conditions in…

We extend the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method to treat dispersive magnetic media by incorporating magneto-optical effects through a frequency-dependent permittivity tensor. For benchmarking our method, we consider the light scattering…

Field characterization methods using a scattering target in the absence of a point-like receiver have been well described in which scattering is recorded by a relatively large receiver located outside the field of measurement.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-01-29 Gregory T. Clement , Hideyuki Nomura , Tomoo Kamakura

The multiple scattering of scalar waves in diffusive media is investigated by means of the radiative transfer equation. This approach, which does not rely on the diffusion approximation, becomes asymptotically exact in the regime of most…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 E. Amic , J. M. Luck , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

Despite the widespread use of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) for observing the structure of materials at the atomic scale, a detailed understanding of some relevant electron beam damage mechanisms is limited. Recent…

The study of continuous-time information diffusion has been an important area of research for many applications in recent years. When only the diffusion traces (cascades) are accessible, cascade-based network inference and influence…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Keke Huang , Ruize Gao , Bogdan Cautis , Xiaokui Xiao

We develop a straightforward analytical framework for the propagation of spatial light modes through a turbulent atmosphere. Built upon the split-step approach with the mode-based optical field representation, it directly assesses how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Konstantin Kravtsov